Introduction. Based on a full-scale experiment, the process of forming a drawing prism in front of the blade surface was assessed and qualitative indicators that confirm theoretical studies of this process were identified.

Materials and methods. In conducting experimental research, the main provisions of the theory of experimental design, based on the methods of mathematical statistics, were used. In accordance with theoretical studies, the process of formation of the drawing prism in front of the working bodies of earth-moving machines is accompanied not only by a change in the speed of soil movement on the surface, which occurs as a result of the action of adhesive forces and frictional forces, but also by the Coriolis acceleration that occurs in the process of moving soil along the curved surface of the dump, which, in our opinion, is the main reason for the uneven distribution of soil in front of the dump surface.

Results. The proposed method of conducting and processing the results of the experiment made it possible to identify that the parameters characterizing the force of soil adhesion on the surface of the working body of the dump type are: volumetric mass of soil; the speed of soil movement at the i-th point of the surface of the working body; time of soil movement on the dump surface; coefficient of friction of the soil on the surface of the working body; time of interaction of the soil with the surface of the working body. The method of processing the results of the experiment made it possible to qualitatively identify and quantitatively assess the process of formation of the drag prism when moving soil on the surface of the working body in two-dimensional space, to determine the change in the velocities of soil movement at an arbitrary point of the surface and to verify the working hypothesis and theoretical studies on the nature of the change in the velocities of soil movement in front of the dump surface.

Discussions and conclusions. It has been established that in order to reduce stickiness, it is necessary to optimize the parameters of the working body, the depth of digging and the time of interaction of the soil with the surface of the working body.

Introduction. The purpose of this article is to confirm the results of research on resonant vibration equipment for compacting concrete mixtures obtained using a mathematical model. The object of research is an oscillatory system of resonant vibration equipment consisting of two masses interconnected by elastic and dissipative elements. In addition, the first mass is connected to a fixed base through elastic and dissipative elements.

Materials and methods. The main provisions of the theory of similarity and statistical processing of experimental data are used in the research. The required number of repeated experiments was determined statistically, and the reproducibility of the experiment was verified by the Cochran criterion. Results. The criteria and indicators of similarity of processes occurring in the system of resonant vibration equipment have been developed, formulas for the transition from the parameters of nature to the parameters of the physical model have been proposed. The technical characteristics of the physical model are presented.

During the experiment, oscillograms of the movements of the vibrator and the working body which are shifted relative to each other by an angle of π/2 were obtained. At the same time, the amplitude of vibrations of the vibrator significantly exceeds the amplitude of vibrations of the working body.

Discussions and conclusions. The presented dependences of the amplitudes obtained on mathematical and physical models qualitatively repeat each other. In the studied frequency range of the driving force, the maximum error is 12%. This confirms the results obtained on the mathematical model of resonant vibration equipment.

Introduction. For high-rise building construction self-climbing platforms based on hydraulic drive are used, lifting the formwork for monolithic structures. These lifting mechanisms differ in structures, characteristics and parameters. There is a need to introduce high-tech equipment in the industry. To create self-climbing platforms for high-rise construction, it is necessary to conduct research in the field of operation of lifting vehicles.

Materials and methods. Platforms based on climbing profile for the analysis were used. The design features of the specified type of platforms were considered. The main parameters were speed of lifting, maximum lifting height and load capacity.

Results. Graphical data on the main structural elements and the lifting process were obtained the specified type of platforms. Graphical data on hydraulic system is provided and the mechanism of movement is considered in detail. The basic formulas for determining the platform lifting speed and maximum load capacity required for the choosing of specified lifting vehicles.

Discussion and conclusion. Existence of factors affecting the lifting speed of platforms and their maximum load capacity provides grounds for the development of a method for calculating and designing the considered transport and technological equipment in Russian Federation. One of the ways to develop this lifting equipment is integration of accessory mechanisms into their structure for fulfilling additional works during the construction of high-rise buildings, in this way forming a single transport and technological complex.

Introduction. In the process of soil compaction it is important to have information about the current density of the layer, as it enables to quickly adjust the load on the compacted material. The field methods of compaction quality assessment do not cope with this task, as they make point estimation within the pavement area. Therefore, continuous compaction monitoring systems installed on vibratory road rollers are becoming increasingly common. The systems developed by BOMAG and AMMANN require, among other things, the phase angle between the exciter force and the roller movement to calculate the compaction quality index. The phase angle is determined by the unbalance position sensor, which is very labor-intensive. In addition, continuous compaction monitoring systems include an accelerometer. The purpose of this paper is to develop an indirect method for calculating the phase angle from accelerometer readings.

The method of research. In order to achieve the purpose of the work, a roller-soil single-mass model in a typical mode for vibratory rollers (periodic loss of contact) has been studied. As a result of modeling it has been found that the reaction of the compacted material has the main influence on the vertical component of a roller acceleration and practically does not affect the horizontal component. This is confirmed by the experimental data.

Results. The phase angle can be determined by mutual correlation of the horizontal and vertical acceleration signals of the roller obtained with the accelerometer.

Conclusion. The study proposes a new method of calculating the phase angle between the exciter force and the roller displacement, which eliminates the direct measurement of this angle. The calculation of the angle is based on the readings of a two-axis accelerometer installed on the road roller. The proposed method enables to simplify the system of continuous compaction control and reduce the labor intensity of phase angle measurement.

Introduction. The degree of passenger vehicle capacity utilisation affects the economic component of regular urban passenger transport operation, as it depends on the number of passengers transported, which affects the revenue from transportation, as well as on the passenger vehicle capacity, which affects the cost of transportation. One of the tasks formulated in the programme-target documents of the Republic of Belarus is to achieve full selfsufficiency of urban regular passenger transport. One of the ways to ensure this can be maximising the degree of capacity utilisation set by the manufacturer of the passenger vehicle.

The aim of the paper is to estimate the degree of passenger vehicle capacity utilisation and dynamics of its change, as well as to develop measures to improve the efficiency of urban regular passenger transport.

Materials and methods. When writing the article, the data obtained by a full-scale survey of passenger flows in one of the cities of the Republic of Belarus, conducted in 2019 and in 2024, were used. When writing the article, statistical methods (descriptive statistics, fitting, visualisation, assessment of significance of differences using statistical criteria), analysis of scientific literature and work technology, synthesis of proposals were used.

Conclusions. The low degree of utilisation of passenger vehicle capacity is shown. The new technology of the organisation of work of the city passenger transport of regular communication, allowing to increase use of capacity of passenger vehicles and, at the expense of this efficiency of such work is offered.

The possibility of further use of the results of scientific work. The received results substantiate necessity of development of scientific toolkit for optimisation of assignment of passenger vehicles to flights taking into account passenger load on them and other restrictions.

Practical significance. This article shows the need to develop measures to improve the efficiency of passenger vehicle capacity utilisation for the purposes of increasing the efficiency of urban regular passenger transport.

Originality. This paper shows the change in the degree of use of passenger vehicle capacity, shows the factors affecting it, and proposes a new technology for organising the work of urban regular passenger transport. The article will be useful for officials of the management bodies responsible for the organisation of the work of urban passenger transport of regular communication, as well as employees of the enterprises of urban passenger transport, transport scientists.

Introduction. In the conditions of motorization growth the necessity to improve the quality of passenger service by public transport increases significantly. The determining factor for finding the design capacity of vehicles (TC) is the comfort provided to passengers. On the one hand, in order for public transport to be popular in comparison with private motor transport, it must provide comfortable travel conditions, which are ensured by the provision of free places for sitting and (or) the availability of sufficient space for standing. On the other hand, guaranteed provision of all passengers with seats with a comfortable interval between rows of seats, requires an increase in the number of vehicles to master the same volume of transportation and can lead to a sharp increase in the cost of transportation and fare, at which the economic advantages of public transport over private transport will be less obvious. The aim of the study was to find a compromise calculated occupancy rate of vehicles, at which public transport provides the necessary attractiveness and comfort for passengers and the required carrying capacity.

Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the work was general scientific principles and research methods: empirical (expert evaluation) and theoretical (analysis, synthesis, systematization) methods. In order to achieve the set goal, the following tasks were solved: 1. The methods of determining the quality of occupancy quality of the vehicle interior were analyzed. 2. The maximum acceptable capacity of the considered public transportation vehicles was determined. 3. The proposals on the use of the calculated indicator of the density of standing passengers placement in determining the carrying capacity of public transportation are given.

Discussion and conclusion. The conducted analysis of manuals on operation, repair, acting in corresponding periods of operation of the chosen vehicles shows that the capacity of vehicles according to norms of manufacturers of vehicles and social standard of the Ministry of Transport does not allow to reach the necessary quality of transportation. The performed research has allowed to establish a comfortable level of occupancy of vehicles for a passenger and a calculated indicator of the density of standing passengers.

Practical significance. The established comfortable for passengers occupancy of vehicles can be used in the development and updating of social standards of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation.

Originality. There is an assessment of the travel conditions depending on passenger occupancy in different types of public transport vehicles operated in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus.

Introduction. This article addresses the pressing issue of road traffic congestion in the capital of Armenia, Yerevan, and proposes a solution using the Automated Traffic Management System (ATMS). The introduction underscores the significance of effective traffic management in ensuring the safety and comfort of urban residents.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the current situation raises concerns about traffic density, congestion, inefficient use of road resources, and their impact on the environment and citizens’ quality of life. In turn, the exploration of ATMS as a solution includes an explanation of the system’s concept, its benefits, and successful global implementation examples. The implementation plan for ATMS encompasses stages from data collection to traffic management, along with necessary technical and infrastructural changes. The assessment of costs and benefits underscores the economic and social components of anticipated outcomes.

Conclusions. The introduction of automated traffic management systems (ATMS) leads to a significant reduction in transport delays at intersections by 10–20%, which reduces gasoline consumption for movement by 30%. The number of traffic accidents at intersections is reduced by 10–15%. This leads to economic benefits, improved road safety and improved environmental conditions in cities.

Introduction. In steel-reinforced concrete spans, the strength of reinforced concrete is not fully used due to the twostage inclusion of the cross section in the work and the irrational distribution of materials in the section. To increase the efficiency of the materials used, it is proposed to combine the steel and reinforced concrete parts along the neutral axis of the cross section. With such a cross-section design, the steel will always be in the tension zone, and the concrete in the compression zone. It is possible to implement such a design by constructing a span in one stage from prefabricated steel-reinforced concrete blocks.

Materials and methods. It is possible to implement the calculation method with the separation of the material along the neutral axis when organizing the installation of the span structure in one stage, assuming that the section of the span structure operates in the elastic stage and following the laws of structural mechanics. To cover the features of the calculation of split and continuous span structures, a cantilever-beam static scheme was adopted.

Results. The presented results of analytical calculations make it possible to estimate the consumption of materials in the manufacture of the span. The steel consumption of the span under study is 6.12 t/lm, the reinforced concrete consumption is 6.54 m3/lm.

Installation of the span. The installation of the span is described, considering the design features.

Conclusions. The optimal static layout of the span structure has been determined. A method for calculating a steel-reinforced concrete span with material separation along the neutral axis has been developed. An analytical calculation was performed to select the geometric parameters of the cross sections of the span.

Introduction. The article presents the results of a study of the calculation features of four-belt towers depending on the direction of a wind action. The purpose of the article is to identify the conditions for the redistribution of forces in the belts of a grid tower under the action of a wind load along a diagonal of a square section and loss of stability of the most compressed belt. The attention is drawn to the fact that with the development of the process of loss of stability of the compressed belt, it does not turn off completely, but continues to partially carry the load. The data obtained indicate that it is possible to calculate all the elements and the tower as a whole according to a single scheme A (a wind pressure on the face of the tower), taking into account the coefficient of the wind angle. In the calculation example, graphical dependences of the forces in the belts on the resistance are obtained.

Materials and methods. A feature of the calculation of four-belt towers is the dependence of the forces in the belts on the direction of the wind load. According to the maximum compression forces under the action of wind on the rib and bending of the tower, the cross section and length of the panel of all belts are assumed. The resulting reserve of strength and rigidity of the tower of the two belts in the limiting state adopted in the design standards is not possible to implement, since the limiting state of the compressed belts is assumed by the condition of stability in the form of bifurcation. If the limiting state of the belt panels is assumed according to the condition of bearing capacity in the supercritical stage of deformation, then it is possible to calculate the redistribution of compressible forces to reserve belts. In the given example, the criterion of resistance is used to analyze the redistribution of forces between the belts when the stability of the most compressed belt is lost according to the design scheme B (wind pressure on the tower rib).

Conclusions. The results of modelling the tower calculation in the LIRA PC showed that taking into account the supercritical deformation of the compressed belt in the elastic stage makes it possible to calculate all the elements and the tower as a whole according to a single scheme A (a wind pressure on the face of the tower), taking into account the coefficient of the wind angle. At the same time, even with an increase in the coefficient value to 1.4 (instead of 1.2), the calculation efficiency is greater than the traditional one. The results of the study may be the basis for reducing the estimated length of the elements of the most compressed belt according to the calculated scheme B.

Introduction. Ensuring proper quality of construction is one of the pressing challenges of our time. Consumers expect cheap products from developers in the form of commercial or residential real estate that meet all the required quality indicators. Most accidents in monolithic construction occur due to non-compliance with technological procedures at low temperatures. The purpose of the study is to develop a framework for assessing the quality of concrete work at subzero temperatures (during winter work) based on the results of studies of technological parameters of winter concreting, their impact on the quality and safety of erected monolithic structures of industrial and civil buildings (structures).

Materials and methods. The study used the method of approximating distributions of random variables, expert estimates, the theory of multiple principles, and mathematical statistics. The experiments were carried out in the laboratories of the Don State Technical University, as well as in the conditions of actual concrete work on a construction site in winter. The work uses a correlation-regression analysis of the dependence of the organizational and technological causes of inconsistencies (factors) and quality indicators of concrete work production. Statistical information on structural damage and collapse of buildings during their operation was processed. To make organizational and technological decisions to improve the quality of concrete work, it is proposed to take the influence of defects on the load-bearing capacity of buildings as an indicator of the quality level.

Results. Using practical and expert methods, the most significant reasons (factors) for the occurrence of inconsistencies in the level of quality of concrete work production have been established. Factors have been identified that have the greatest influence on the change in the load-bearing capacity and reliability of buildings and structures being erected when performing the main types of construction and installation work. The nomenclature of technological quality indicators during winter production of concrete work, their influence on quality substantiated, and methods for assessing the quality of winter concreting technology are developed. Quantitative indicators of the quality of construction of monolithic reinforced concrete structures were obtained.

Discussion and conclusions. The practical value of the work lies in the development of a methodological tool for creating a regulatory framework for operational construction control of the production of monolithic and prefabricated monolithic construction and installation works under conditions of exposure to low temperatures, as well as for acceptance control of compliance of completed construction projects with quality requirements. Proposals are given for establishing regulatory tolerances, ways to improve the manufacturability of the equipment used, a new method for designing winter concreting technology, and a quality control method focused on ensuring structural safety have been developed. By developing the research, it is further possible to develop methods for calculating technology parameters taking into account technological variability, as well as establish new indicators to regulate the required level of quality and safety of buildings being built.