Introduction. The experimental studies of the heat treatment effect on the properties of welded joints in working mechanisms of road-building machines are carried out in the work. Studying the structures of the metal itself, as well as welded joints and considering their heterogeneity, the author analyzes the strength characteristics of these objects.

Materials and methods. By means of metallographic analysis, as well as using boron-containing steel 30MnB5, which is used for the manufacture of structures for construction machines, as a research material, the author examined its microstructure, which took place in certain zones of welded joints. In particular, welded jointss, fusion zones with an overheating area, a complete recrystallization area and the base metal were studied. We also studied the features of cold plastic deformation of the specified steel sample.

Results. It was determined that the mechanical inhomogeneity of the steel at these joints is the cause of the structural inhomogeneity of the welded joints. As a result of this process, some dangerous zones of acting voltages concentration are formed. These conclusions predetermine the need to identify some certain zones that concentrate stresses in themselves, while it is mandatory to strengthen the metal in such zones to standard indicators. An increase in the strength properties of the steel under study is possible by applying cold plastic deformation and subsequent thermal cycling (STC). This is achieved by obtaining a fine-grained metal structure with higher strength. The author defines the welded joints and the zone of its fusion with the base metal and the overheating area as the most dangerous areas subject to loading. To control this process, it is recommended to use the passive fluxgate method in the work, while the fusion zone with the overheating section should be inspected first, and then the weld.

Discussion and conclusion. The author comes to the conclusion that the experimental studies carried out can contribute to an increase in the efficiency of the process of reducing the stress concentration (SC) in the elements of construction machines made of steel and subjected to intensive operation by reducing the structural and mechanical inhomogeneity of welded joints.

Introduction. To solve the problem of accelerating the construction of roads, improving their quality, it is advisable to use a continuous action unit to form a underlying layer. In general, energy costs for the construction of roads are a significant share occupied by work aimed at cutting and transporting the ground. The working bodies of existing technical means carry out mainly energy-intensive cutting of the ground, which theoretically can be likened to cutting a punch. The energy costs of ground cutting can be significantly reduced by the use of blade cutting. In the bucket of the continuous action unit to form a underlying layer of roads provides the use of working bodies, cutting the ground with blades of knives. The process of filling the bucket with cut soil, the forces attached to the bucket, and the total amount of energy spent on cutting the ground with the buckets of the continuous action unit to form the underlying layer are considered.

 The method of research. The method of constructions to detect the kinematics of filling the bucket with the cut ground is given. The method of calculation is given: the path of the ground on the bottom of the bucket case when it is filled; the resulting force of force projections in the longitudinal-vertical, cross-vertical and horizontal plane attached to the bucket; moments attached to the bucket in a longitudinal-vertical and horizontal plane, when the bucket is empty and full. The formulas for calculating the total energy on the movement of the bucket when cutting the ground without taking into account the energy costs of the cutting process and determining the total energy costs of cutting the ground by one cubic meter of continuous action buckets to form the underlying layer of roads are given.

 Results. On the basis of the developed method, the conditional path of the ground along the bottom of the bucket case was calculated, the resulting forces of force projections in the longitudinal-vertical, cross-vertical and horizontal plane attached to the bucket were revealed. The moments attached to the bucket in the longitudinal-vertical and horizontal plane, when the bucket is empty and full, have been determined. The total energy for moving the bucket during ground cutting is calculated without taking into account the energy costs of the cutting process. The total energy costs of cutting the ground by one cubic meter of continuous action buckets to form the underlying layer of roads have been determined.

 Conclusion. During the filling of the bucket of the unit of continuous action to form the underlying layer of roads cut off soil is twisted and shift of the cut-off layer, which contribute to its destruction into fragments. In a cross-vertical plane, the bucket is balanced. The moment attached to the bucket in the longitudinal-vertical plane is balanced by elements of the structure of the unit. The total energy on moving the bucket when cutting the ground, without taking into account the energy costs of the cutting process, includes energy costs: to accelerate the ground with a bucket, to overcome the friction of the bottom plane of the bucket on the ground, to the additional horizontal force to move the bucket, caused by friction in the elements of the structure. It is u_k≈13 kJ/m3. Theoretically reasonable total energy costs for ground cutting of one cubic meter by the buckets of the continuous action unit to form the underlying layer of roads〖u 〗 (k-gr) ≈109 kJ/m.

Introduction. The article discusses innovative and information technologies, an identification system, the purpose of which is to increase the efficiency of the operation of open pit transport. An algorithm for the operation of vehicles in a quarry in a simulation model has been developed. The method of calculating the rational amount of quarry transport for the transportation of iron ore from the place of extraction in the quarry to a temporary storage point is presented.

Methods and materials. To manage the transportation process at GOK, it is required to use improved methods and methods for optimizing transport flows to reduce costs in the system “quarry-warehouse / processing plantproduction”, taking into account the dynamics of processes. To increase the efficiency of the operation of open-pit vehicles, the use of innovative and information technologies, an identification system is required. As a scientific and methodological approach, preliminary registration of open pit transport and fixing the time of loading and unloading processes, cargo movement are used. To organize the operation of the transportation process, it is necessary to develop an algorithm for the operation of open pit transport in a simulation model, which will allow collecting information about the state of all temporary storage points, the duration of the transportation process, etc. The implementation of the results of using the methodology for calculating a rational number of vehicles allows to achieve an effective raw materials from the quarry to a temporary storage point.

Results. The authors have developed scientific and methodological approaches to improve the efficiency of mining transport operation.

Conclusion. Research of the organization of work of the process of transportation of iron ore raw materials at the mining and processing plant has been carried out. It is concluded that it is necessary to develop scientific and methodological approaches to improve the operation of open pit transport. An algorithm for the operation of open pit transport in a simulation model has been developed, which allows taking into account the influence of the control and distribution system of dump trucks on the number of excavators and the timely delivery of dump trucks to storage points. The method of calculating the rational amount of quarry transport for the transportation of iron ore raw materials is presented.

Introduction. During the hot season, there is a positive relationship between the number of accidents per thousand registered vehicles and the air temperature. At the same time, an increase in the temperature and intensity of solar radiation helps to reduce the braking distance of cars. Consequently, the likely reasons for the increase in the number of accidents is a decrease in the level of driving skills. The purpose of the work is to determine the most significant causes of road accidents in the summer, the degree of their impact on accidents in conditions of high temperature and solar radiation, as well as the impact of climate installations on the increase in accidents.

Materials and methods. In order to identify the causes of the increase in accidents, an expert method was used, which consisted in a survey of 28 professional drivers with at least three years of experience. To assess the significance of factors, the reasons for the increase in accidents were ranked according to a four-point system, where the number “1” corresponded to the lowest significance, and the number “4” – the highest. It was also necessary to indicate the increase in the adverse effect as a percentage in certain conditions, compared with comfortable conditions.

Results. It is revealed that the main reasons for the increase in the number of accidents committed in the summer are: an increase in traffic speed, an increase in the frequency of maneuvering vehicles, an increase in the number of incorrect decisions and an increase in the reaction time of drivers. The direct effect of solar radiation, along with the effect of high temperatures that go beyond the comfort zone, is the cause of accidents. The use of climate systems leads to redistribution of importance among the reasons for the increase in the number of accidents – increases the number of accidents by increasing the speed and frequency of maneuvering, while reducing the rate of road accidents occurring in bad judgement and increase reaction time of drivers.

Practical importance. The research provides a basis for developing measures to reduce accidents on the road in warm weather

Introduction. This paper presents the results of a study on the methods for calculating the capacity of level crossings. The purpose of writing this research paper is determine the best methodology for calculating the intervals in the main flows for the prevailing road conditions in the Russian Federation, that a new methodology to calculate capacity adapted to domestic road conditions would be developed in the future.

Materials and methods. In recent decades of market relations in the Russian Federation, one can note a rapid increase in motorization in human settlements. The number in 550 vehicles per 1000 people in domestic entities is expected to have been increasde by 2025, which is significantly higher than the current level in European part of the Russian Federation. It is important to note that when the number of vehiclec is increasing, which level is about 80%, it is essential to increase road crossings capacity.

Results. At the moment the methodology for calculating capacity and queue length is the same. It should be noted that the current models are not properly described in the domestic studies, but the calculations were made using models developed in the 1960s and 1970s.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the development of an algorithm for checking the assessment of the adequate operation of the transport model and the application of this algorithm in practice.The research has been carried out at a regulated intersection in Belgorod, the main parameters necessary for creating a transport model have been determined. A transport model of the investigated intersection was created, an assessment of the adequate operation of the model was made, measures were proposed to increase the capacity of the investigated section of the road network.

Methods and materials. The main attention is paid to the use of the software that allows simulating transport processes at the initial stages of activities related to the organization or reorganization of road traffic. Simulation is a fast, convenient and cost-effective way to assess the effectiveness of traffic management. The modeling process helps to select the most optimal solution for the transport infrastructure.

Results. The authors have developed the algorithm for checking the adaptation of the controlled crossing model in the Aimsun software environment, and proposed a new coordination plan for crossing. Conclusion. It is concluded that it is necessary to use the software products intended for modeling transport systems.

Introduction. Conducting an experiment when conducting research on electroplating coatings requires a lot of time and energy. To reduce the number of experiments performed, it is necessary to conduct mathematical modeling of the experiment to reduce the number of experiments performed and reduce it to a specific algorithm to obtain reliable and accurate data. The obtained reliable data will allow to get good results in studies of obtaining chrome coatings, with maximum performance, including current output.

Materials and methods. To conduct the research, the necessary equipment for obtaining electroplating coatings, developed a new electrolyte composition for obtaining high-quality high-performance chrome precipitation, as well as the Statistica 13.0 program, which allowed us to reduce the time for calculations and building the necessary graphs, was used.

Results. The analysis of methods and methods of mathematical analysis of the results obtained in order to process them and build a model showed that with a confidence regression coefficient of 0.95, it is most preferable to study the effect of the composition of the chromating electrolyte on the current output, in the range of current density values from 125 ... 250 A / dm2 , the amount of hydrofluoric acid 0.6...1.2 g / l and the operating temperature of the electrolyte 16 ... 27 o C.

Discussion and conclusion. As a result of the obtained mathematical model, it can be argued that studies of the influence of the electrolyte composition on the current density will allow to obtain reliable data with the least number of experiments. At the same time, it can also be argued that it is possible to obtain an even greater current output if additional research is carried out with a change in factors up or down. However, it is not known how the quality of the coating and the adhesion to the base of the part will change, which is an important factor in obtaining wearresistant electroplating.

Relevance. This work is devoted to modeling the stress-strain state of a high-rise brick building on a pile foundation in engineering and geological conditions using the MicroFe design and computing complex, which allows you to create a design scheme in the “base – foundation – building” system using piles in the form of rod end. elements in the soil mass.

Goal. Analyzed-deformed state of the system “base – foundation – building”, obtaining the calculated values of tension and reinforcement in the grillage.

Materials and methods. The calculation was carried out both in a linear formulation and in a constructively nonlinear formulation with one-sided nonlinear connections between bulk soil elements and pile bar elements. Results. In a nonlinear formulation of the solution to the problem, with a limitation of the permissible design load on the piles, a redistribution of efforts between the piles through the grillage is obtained.

Conclusions. Linear calculation is carried out in the case when the greatest forces in the piles do not exceed the specified design load. If this condition is not met, then in the design model, a limitation is introduced on the value of the ultimate load on the piles, equal to the design value, and the calculation is performed considering the constructive nonlinearity of one-sided connections between the pile bar elements and bulk soil elements. Solving the problem in a non-linear formulation allows us to consider the redistribution of efforts between the piles through the grillage, because of which, by changing the location of the piles, it is possible to obtain an optimal design solution for both the pile foundation and the overhead part of the building.

Introduction. The physical and mechanical properties of belite (nepheline) sludge, a large-tonnage waste of alumina production, are given. The scope of its application is shown in the construction, reconstruction and repair of roads and airfields.

Materials and methods. The data of theoretical and laboratory studies on the use of ground nepheline sludge as a binder for strengthening asphalt granulate, including at low temperatures, without antifreeze additives. The optimal dosages of finely ground sludge for strengthening asphalt granulate 10–15℅ have been determined.

Results. The results of the experimental studies were confirmed during the production check during the construction of the pilot section of the foundation made of sludge granulometric concrete. The direction of further research is determined.