Introduction. Forward plate compactors are surface soil compaction machines with a flat operating device, which are usually equipped with a single-shaft vibration exciter. Forward plate compactors may be driven by gasoline, diesel or electric engines. When designing and modernizing forward plate compactors, a problem of technical specifications justification may arise, including such parameters as exciting force, vibration exciter oscillation frequency, engine power, base plate width, etc. This statistical analysis of plate compactors with different types of engines was carried out to summarize manufacturers practices and reveal correlations between the technical specifications of forward plate compactors.
Materials and methods. This research is based on the information presented on the official websites of forward plate compactors manufacturers and their dealers. 644 models of forward plate compactors were scrutinized. Regression equations and correlation coefficients were derived using Microsoft Excel software.
Results. Parameters ranges for forward plate compactors with different types of engines were determined. Regression equations of correlations between oscillation frequency, exciting force, engine power, base plate width, relative exciting force and mass of forward plate compactors with different types of engines were derived, as well as the corresponding correlation coefficients. It was revealed, that most parameters have low or very low correlation coefficient, regardless of the engine type.
Conclusion. The ranges of the technical specifications of diesel and gasoline forward plate compactors are quite close to each other. The parameters ranges of electric plate compactors, in most cases, are beyond the ranges of gasoline and diesel plate compactors. Low correlation coefficients and a large scatter of parameters indicate that manufacturers do not have a methodology for justification of the technical specifications of forward plate compactors. Results of the study may be used when clarify ranges of parameters and formulate requirements for a mathematical model of vibration plates behavior.

Introduction. To ensure stable performance of transport and technological machines, constant monitoring of their technical condition is necessary. Timely diagnosis is difficult to carry out when working in remote regions, as well as when transporting goods over long distances due to the lack of closely located maintenance centers.
Materials and methods. One of the solutions to the above problem is the use of a diagnostic method based on sound parameters. In particular, this method is applicable to power plants. Its advantage is the ability to quickly assess the condition of the engine mechanisms and systems on site using a portable device (without the use of large-sized and low-mobility equipment) by non-destructive testing. Thus, the research and implementation of the acoustic diagnostic method is promising and in demand today. One of the most important areas for improving power plants today is the automation of control processes for their operation based on the use of electronics and microprocessor systems. With a positive effect on the efficiency of the engine, these complex systems expand the range of its potential malfunctions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fundamental possibility of determining and comparing the acoustic parameters of an engine with and without violations of the operating mode in the event of failures in electronic control systems of its operation. As an example, the Ford Focus passenger car was chosen as the object of the study. A malfunction in the electronic ignition module was used as a test fault. The obtained spectral patterns of the sound radiation of the internal combustion engine (with and without violations of the operating mode) enable to determine the nature of the engine malfunction by sound parameters.
Results. A frequency range at which it is possible to identify the spectral pattern of an engine with impaired operation and an engine without impaired operation was obtained. This range was 6,000-6,500 Hz, since in this segment the sound level reaches more than 40 dB.
Discussions and conclusions. The conducted experiment is the initial stage of a large-scale experimental study, the result of which will serve as a starting point for the introduction of the acoustic method into the process of diagnosing electronic control systems for internal combustion engines.

Introduction. To solve the problem of the fast and high-quality road construction, when economic facilities and settlements are located at a considerable distance from each other, cannot be solved without the use of a complex of continuous units. The continuous ditch forming unit and the tunneling unit contain straight-through rotary rippers. Insufficient theoretical studies in this area do not enable to calculate the interaction of the elements of a direct-flow rotary ripper with the soil. Therefore, there is a need for theoretical studies to determine the energy parameters of the large rotor, in particular, that which is necessary for cutting the soil with the No.4 circumferential knives of the large rotor.
The research method. The methods for calculating the required energy inputs: to separate the reservoir from the soil mass; separation of the reservoir into fragments; creating a gap in the soil mass; deformation of a part of the soil mass; overcoming the friction of the ground on the edge of the blade; overcoming the soil pressure on the front surface; movement of the soil by the front surface; overcoming the friction of the ground on the front surface have been developed.
Results. On the basis of the developed methods, the parameter calculations were made. From the plane models and the spatial model of the forces of interaction with the soil of the circumferential knives No.4 of the large rotor, resultant forces, their components, normal forces were revealed. The force of friction of the soil on the edge of the blade and the front surface of No4 circumferential knives was calculated. The volumetric energy required for cutting with No.4 circumferential knives when mining one cubic meter of soil with a straight-through rotary ripper is calculated.
Conclusion. The energy required to drive the circumferential knife includes separating the seam from the soil mass; separation of the reservoir into fragments; creating a gap in the soil mass; deformation of a part of the soil mass; overcoming the friction of the ground on the edge of the blade; overcoming the soil pressure on the front surface; movement of the soil by the front surface; overcoming the friction of the ground on the front surface. As a result of the calculations, the total energy required for cutting with No.4 circumferential knives, when mining one cubic meter of soil with a straight-through rotary ripper, was 9110 joules.

Introduction. Hydro-jet technology is an innovative approach to using high pressure water for a variety of purposes. The technology has found a wide application in various industries, including construction, industry, agriculture and surface cleaning. The basic idea of water jetting systems is to use water as a powerful tool to destroy, clean and cut various materials. The paper discusses the constructing of the high-pressure hydro-puller device for hydro-jet technologies.
Materials and methods. An analysis of the methods by hydro-jet technologies classification was made. The general structure and the constituent elements of this scheme is shown. Generalizing elements are identified and a characteristic layout diagram for use in all technological methods of hydro-jet methods is described, and the structural elements that are the main components and units of these technologies are described.
Results. The scheme of energy flow on the main nodes of the traditional layout scheme of units for hydro-jet technologies is developed. The energy losses formed in the process of operation are estimated, the element of the hydrojet plant with the largest losses is determined, the peculiarities of its functioning and operation are analysed. The design methodologies, taking into account the identified problems and features, for high-pressure transmitting devices are given.
Discussion and conclusions. The most efficient operation of ultra-high pressure transmitting devices for hydro-jet technologies is possible only taking into account their thermal state, characterized by a description of their thermal balance, which can only be ensured through the development of a number of techniques proposed for use in the design of such devices.

Introduction. The development of automobile and road construction is a priority in the Russian economy. Timely putting construction projects in commission increases the requirements for planning of execution mechanized works. The operation of transport and technological machines in construction processes for a long time leads to a decrease in their potential capabilities, including operational productivity. The purpose of the proposed article is to improve the method of calculating the performance of a single-bucket hydraulic excavator (EO), taking into account the operating time.
Methods and materials. The performance calculation method takes into account the dynamics of the working pressure in the hydraulic system of the working equipment (GRO), the speed of rotation of the crankshaft (PMVC) from the operating time, regression dependencies were used to describe them. The parameters of the law of distribution of the random value of the working pressure in the hydraulic drive and the rate of its fall for the ‘development and recruitment of soil’ operation were also obtained.
Results. Processing of the results of production experiments enables to establish the dependence of changes in the working pressure in the hydraulic system during development and gathering soil, as well as for all technological operations of the working cycle, the rotational frequency of the crankshaft of a single-bucket excavator engine on the operating time. The influence of the working pressure in the hydraulic drive, the rotational speed of the crankshaft of the excavator engine on the supply and hydraulic power, the duration of technological operations is studied. The calculation of the operational productivity of a single-bucket excavator is carried out taking into account the dynamics of parameters reflecting its change over operating time.
Discussion and conclusions. It has been established that with an increase in operating time, the operating pressure in the hydraulic drive decreases by an average of 12.7-13.0%, and the decrease in the average operating speed of the crankshaft is 4%. The estimated value of the drop in the average hourly operating performance of the EO, taking into account the deterioration of the technical condition, is 55% in the operating time range from 0 to 10,000 operating hours for the Japanese EO ZX 330 model.

Introduction. One of the promising ways to reduce dynamic loads during operation of hydraulic crane manipulator installations is the use of hydrodiodes. In hydraulic systems operating at high speeds of the working fluid, cavitation phenomena may occur in the hydrodiode, which are accompanied by increased noise and vibration, and may lead to the destruction of the hydrodiode, which is not acceptable. The paper compares the results of calculating the flow of liquid in the flow part of a vortex hydrodiode, taking into account cavitation phenomena and without cavitation phenomena, with the results of research tests. The analysis of the effect of cavitation on the working processes in a vortex hydrodiode for crane manipulator installations is presented.
Materials and method. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models using the FLUENT CFD code to study the working processes occurring in the working chamber of a vortex hydrodiode were developed. The commercial CFD code ANSYS FLUENT to simulate the flow of liquid in the flow part of a vortex hydrodiode was used.
Results. The paper verifies the results of a numerical experiment with the results of research tests. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the effect of cavitation on the working processes of a vortex hydrodiode has been carried out.
Discussion and conclusion. It has been found that the values of pressure and diode in calculations taking into account cavitation and without cavitation practically do not differ, thus, the effect of cavitation at Reynolds numbers Re<30000 does not significantly affect the quantitative values of the parameters of the vortex hydrodiode and the cavitation calculation module can not be used. However, at higher values of the Reynolds numbers, cavitation appears in the working cavity of the vortex hydrodiode and the calculated values of the parameters of the hydrodiode without cavitation and taking cavitation into account differ significantly. Therefore, when calculating high-speed flows, it is necessary to use the cavitation calculation module. The analysis of the effect of cavitation on the working processes of a vortex hydrodiode showed that in the forward direction of the flow, cavitation does not significantly affect the parameters of the hydrodiode and the place of its formation, the upper inlet region of th tangential chamber. In the opposite direction of flow, cavitation has a significant effect on the pattern of fluid flow in the vortex hydrodiode. Cavitation covers almost the entire inlet volume of the radial tube and partially captures the central part of the vortex chamber

Introduction. The relevance of the research performed is justified by the role of organizing passenger transportation to fulfill the terms of the ‘Municipal contracts for the performance of work related to the regular transportation of passengers and luggage by buses at regulated tariffs’ (hereinafter referred to as the Contract). The unevenness of passenger flows associated with the changing nature of the movement of people and the influence of a combination of probabilistic factors leads to a deviation of the planned indicators of the Contract from the actual ones. The purpose of this study is to establish the relationship between the functioning of the Incident Management system and dispatch control of municipal passenger enterprises to fulfill the terms of the Contract when organizing regular passenger transportation on municipal routes.
Materials and methods. This study applies generally accepted methods from the theory of passenger road transport. When achieving the goal, the sequence of information processing in the Incident Management system, Dispatcher and Maps software modules was taken into account. The practical implementation of the research results using the example of a municipal route in the city of Omsk was carried out.
Results. A classification of citizens’ appeals according to which incidents related to the organization of passenger transportation include appeals related to changes in bus performance indicators established by the Contract is proposed. To generate information using dispatch control of municipal passenger enterprises, it is proposed to use an automated navigation system for dispatch control. A model of the relationship between the functioning of the Incident Management system and dispatch control of municipal passenger enterprises has been developed for the organization of regular passenger transportation on municipal routes.
Conclusion. The established relationship between the functioning of the Incident Management system and dispatch control of municipal passenger enterprises is recommended for organizing regular passenger transportation on municipal route № 24 in the city of Omsk.

Introduction. Nowadays personal mobility aids (SIMs) are in active demand. According to the data of the mass media, the considered means of mobility are particularly popular in southern cities, such as the cities of Krasnoyarsk region, in which 190 accidents involving SIMs occurred during the period of 2018–2023. In order to assess the changing situation in the field of accidents involving SIMs in the scale of southern cities, a model for predicting the number of accidents involving the considered means of transportation within the framework of this study using the example of Krasnodar Krai was developed.
Methods and Materials. In order to predict the number of traffic accidents, mathematical modelling methods have been used as a research method, in particular the science of econometrics has been applied, which is quite often used to evaluate statistical indicators from a mathematical point of view.
Results. The authors have developed a model for predicting the number of accidents involving SIM for Krasnodar region with a reliability of 67%.
Conclusion. It was found that the increasing nature of change in the considered quantities can be described using a multiplicative model consisting of three components – seasonal, trend and random. The calculation of all components enables to determine the type of model (), which can calculate the number of accidents involving SIM for the subject (Krasnodar Krai) under consideration.

Introduction. The article deals with a problem relevant to the territory of our country – the calculation of the bearing capacity of ice crossings and winter roads. This problem is becoming more and more urgent in connection with the development of the northern territories, an increase in the carrying capacity of road transport and the volume of cargo traffic. At the same time, the construction of permanent roads and bridge crossings requires very large capital expenditures, which are not yet available for the Russian Federation.
Methods and materials. A critical analysis of methods for determining by calculation the bearing capacity of ice cover at crossings (the maximum permissible load on the axle of a single car or road train) was carried out.
The recommendations of normative and methodological documents on this issue are considered. The presented analysis of domestic and foreign publications made it possible to evaluate mathematical models of different levels of complexity and detail, with a different set of factors influencing the final result.
Results. As a result of the research, a summary table, which contains formulas for calculating the bearing capacity of the ice cover, the parameters that are taken into account in these formulas, as well as the values of the bearing capacity calculated using these formulas for two temperatures: 0 °C and minus 20 °C has been compiled.
Conclusions. According to the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the largest number of parameters is taken into account in M.M. Kazansky-R.A. Shulman; Q. Wang; ODM 218.4.030-2016 Methodological recommendations for assessing the carrying capacity of ice crossings’ dependencies. At the same time, the value of the bearing capacity, calculated according to the 11th formulas, varies by 2-3 or more times presented. Consequently, the presented mathematical models for predicting the carrying capacity of ice crossings require experimental verification on real objects by dragging the control cargo (with some refinement of this method).

Introduction. The article discusses the use of the snow blowing method and the possibility of installing snowblowing structures on highways to protect against snow drifts. The problem of snow tolerance is identified due to the location of many highways in remote, hard-to-reach areas and difficult climatic conditions. Snow drifts significantly increase the cost of winter maintenance of roads, are a partial consequence of destruction and maintenance in the summer, and also pose a serious threat to safety, causing loss of control over the vehicle.
Research methodology. The article discusses the application of the snow blowing method and the possibility of installing snow-blowing structures on roads to protect against snow drifts. The process of movement of snow particles in a snowstorm and the influence of these processes on snow blowing are considered.
Results. The paper highlights the issues related to the analysis and assessment of the speed and composition of the air flow, weather conditions affecting the operation of structures. The main purpose and working conditions of snow-blowing structures on highways have been determined. The optimum speed at which the snow blowing effect is created is determined.
Conclusion. The snow blowing process on the developed snow blowing structure in different conditions is modelled. Based on the considered approach, a comparative analysis of the operation of the snow blowing structure is performed. Based on the data obtained, the possibilities for the introduction of snow-blowing structures and refinement in real working conditions have been studied.

Introduction. Modern methods of studying the corrosion damage of concrete are quite lengthy and time-consuming, which makes their use difficult. This necessitates the search for new approaches to study the destruction of concrete under the influence of aggressive media. Currently, the ultrasound diagnostic method is effectively used to identify various structural defects, but the possibility of its use for concrete corrosion studies is poorly understood. This work is devoted to filling this gap.
The methods of research. Concrete samples of 2.5x2.5x10 cm and 2.5x2.5x16 cm of various composition (cement: placeholder = 1:9, 1:7, 1:5). The control samples hardened under normal conditions, the test samples were stored in various aggressive environments. The samples of all storage media were subjected to periodic tests on the Pulsar-2.2 ultrasound diagnostic device. In parallel, the strength parameters obtained by the destructive method on the PGM-100MG4 hydraulic press, as well as the resistance coefficient, were determined.
Results. The relationship between the growth periods, extremes and abrupt changes in the velocity of passage of ultrasonic waves and the stages of strength gain, the conditions of hardening of samples, and time factors has been established. It is shown that ultrasound diagnostics is quite sensitive to the processes caused by the corrosion destruction of concrete and allows us to obtain reliable data, while the strength and coefficient of resistance do not always adequately reflect the development of corrosion processes. It has been established that the use of ultrasound diagnostics makes it possible to increase the reliability of the results of concrete corrosion studies.
Conclusion. The use of the ultrasound diagnostic method enables to obtain new data on the processes of concrete destruction under the influence of aggressive media, which makes it possible to increase the reliability of the results of concrete corrosion studies.