Introduction. The article discusses the climatic conditions of Yakutia, as well as the cooling process of the hydraulic system of DZ-98 motor grader in order to prevent violation of the thermal regime of hydraulic units under the influence of low temperatures, taking into account the wind blowing and operating conditions. The surface temperature of the hydraulic units was measured on January 16, 2018 in the city of Yakutsk on the basis of Yakutdorstroi joint-stock company at an ambient temperature of -42 ° С.

Materials and methods. To ensure a reliable operation of the hydraulic system at low temperatures, hydraulic units must provide a supply of working fluid under pressure, regardless of changes in ambient temperature. The thermal regime of hydraulic units is characterized by three main parameters: pressure, temperature and volume. In the North, where the ambient winter temperature varies from -27 ° С to -49 ° С, the absolute temperature is the determining parameter. Studying the problem, theories of heat conduction and heat transfer in solids, hydrodynamics, and differential equations were used.

Results. Natural and climatic data, as well as the recorded surface temperature of hydraulic units, allow to determine the number of days with a critically negative temperature, the heat transfer of hydraulic units and the regularity of its change depending on the operating mode.

Introduction. The main requirement for lifting equipment is a strict compliance with safe operation measures. Therefore, special attention is focused on this issue when designing each unit of the equipment. However, despite the extensive list of the current normative documents and systematic monitoring, according to the annual official reports of the Federal service for environmental, technological and nuclear supervision over recent years the facilities that use lifting structures have high indicators for the number of accidents. In addition, the study of a load stability ratio determining in the design of automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes is particularly relevant at the present time due to a wide development of new lifting equipment as the development of the market for cranes has resulted in the occurrence of new technical issues in design and manufacture this type of lifting equipment. As part of the research work to improve the accuracy of calculating the load stability of automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes based on the analysis of existing normative and technical documents the possible occurrence of the accidents causes due to imperfection of regulatory instructions or non-compliance with regulatory instructions during design manufacturer work was considered.

Materials and methods. This article is devoted to the study the fundamental principles of the nominative documents regulating the design and operation of the automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes. Both of the current and archived nominative documents in the field of lifting equipment are considered. Special attention is paid to the issues of determining the load stability of the automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes.

Discussion and conclusion. The key differences in the calculating method of the load stability of the automotive hoisting cranes and automotive manipulator cranes are highlighted. The accidents statistics of load-lifting mechanisms and lifting structures of the Federal service for environmental, technological and nuclear supervision are given. The main causes of lifting equipment accidents are highlighted. The ways of solving the modernization of the existing methodology for determining the load stability of automotive hoisting cranes are proposed by including previously unrecorded factors related to the technical features of the chassis which contributes to improving the accuracy of the obtained values of the load stability ratio.

Introduction. In Russia the use of cyclical equipment to remove the top layer of the soil is not feasible. The problem of the roads construction accelerating, improving their quality can be solved by applying a continuous action unit to form a litter layer. The main working bodies of the unit are buckets, including lower knives, right knives and console knives. A console knife contains the edge of the blade, the front face of the blade, the surface and the lower plane. The analysis of the interaction with the ground elements of the continuous action unit console knife is of theoretical and practical interest.

The method of research. A consistent impact of many console knives on the ground within the width of the capture unit by the impact of one conventional console knife on the ground at a distance needed to develop one cubic meter of soil is replaced. The interaction forces of the conventional console knife with the ground are called conventional forces. The method of calculating energy costs when introducing a console knife into the ground is presented: to overcome the pressure of the ground on the front face of the console knife, to lift the ground, to vertical acceleration of the soil of the front bevel, to overcome the friction of the ground on the front face and to overcome the friction of the ground on the lower plane of the console knife. The total energy costs of the interaction of the console knife with the ground volume of one cubic meter are obtained by the addition of private energy expenditures.

Results. On the basis of the developed method, energy costs are calculated when introducing a console knife into the ground: to overcome the pressure of the ground on the front face of the console knife, to lift the ground, to vertical acceleration of the soil of the front bevel, to overcome the friction of the ground on the front face and to overcome the friction of the ground on the lower plane of the console knife. The total energy costs and their structure when the console knife interacts with the ground volume of one cubic meter are defined. The horizontal longitudinal force needed to move the console knife has been determined.

Conclusion. The total energy needed to cut the ground with console knives is about 20 kJ/cub.m. At the same time energy costs for the interaction of console knives blades edges with soil about 7,000 J/cub.m, on the interaction of the packing console knives blades with the ground about 6,000 J/cub.m, to overcome the ground friction on the lower plane of the console knife 7, 000 J/cub.m. To determine the total energy costs of cutting the ground with buckets of the unit to remove the top layer of the soil from the underlying layer of the road, the interaction with the soil of other elements of the bucket is necessary to be analyzed.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the description of the shedule development particularities and a drivers’ work and rest schedule adjustment in an organized children carriage considering their age in an intercity connection. During the interurban transportation after first four hours and thirty minutes of uninterrupted driving, a special break for the rest is provided for drivers on the way lasting at least 45 minutes. This period can be divided into two or more parts, but the first part should last at least 15 minutes and the last one at least thirty minutes. At the same time children of different age groups perceive long distant travels variously due to their physiological development. The restriction of physical activity during a long time may have a negative impact on children’s physical and mental state. Children may have some problems with behavior control during long distant travels, it may lead to a travel rules violation, they remove their seat belts, start to walk around the bus, etc. The dependencies of the covered distance and time on a children’s age were identified based on the study results of the intercity children carriage process. The findings may be applied in a bus route timetables development, a drivers’ work and rest schedule adjustment during an organized children carriage in an intercity connection and also when planning transport infrastructure objects along popular tourist routes or frequently used transportation directions for students.

The purpose of article is the description of a traffic schedule particularities development and a drivers’ work and rest schedule adjustment in an organized children carriage considering their age in an intercity connection. The scientific novelty lies in methodology used for a drivers’ work and rest schedule adjustment which depends on a distance and travel time in an organized children carriage by buses in an intercity connection and on the age of the carried children.

Materials and techniques. While writing the article the methods of a passengers carriage theory, a statistical and systematic analysis, a transport process theory and also some other scientific methods and techniques were used.

Results. The results have advisory nature and are proposed for use in a drivers’ work and rest schedule adjustment in an organized children carriage considering their age in an intercity connection.

Discussion and conclusion. For the carriage of different aged children the scheme of traffic according to a children age group should be chosen. 4 age groups of children each of which correspond to a certain traffic and rest time on the way were identified during the study.

Introduction. One of the main elements of the safe operation of gravity roller conveyors used in pallet racks is a brake roller. The most promising design is the brake roller magnetic (eddy current) type. The operation principle of such rollers is based on the laws of electromagnetic induction and involves the braking of a conductor moving in a magnetic field, due to the interaction of eddy currents (or Foucault currents) arising in the volume of the conductor with an external magnetic field. However, in the market of warehouse shelving equipment, brake magnetic rollers are not widely used due to their high cost, which is primarily due to the lack of domestic designs and methods for their calculation. The aim of the work is to develop a mathematical model of the moving pallets process on a magnetic type brake roller.

Materials and methods. The paper presented the theoretical study results on the development of a mathematical model of the moving pallets process on a magnetic type brake roller, described in works on centrifugal friction rollers and eddy current brake devices.

Results. The main parameter determining the functions of the brake magnetic roller and hence the speed of the pallet along the gravity roller conveyor is a magnetic viscosity coefficient. The speed dependence of the pallets on the brake magnetic roller for various values of a magnetic viscosity coefficient is determined, its analysis is carried out.

Conclusions. A mathematical model of the moving pallets process on a brake magnetic roller is developed. The movement speed equation of the pallets on the brake magnetic roller is obtained. For a reasonable choice of the design parameters of the magnetic brake roller, experimental studies are required to determine a magnetic viscosity coefficient.

Introduction. The article deals with the problems of ensuring the safety of passenger by taxis. The current system of regulation and organization of taxi transport in the Russian Federation and some foreign mega-cities is being analyzed. It is pointed out that the regulation of taxi transportation and the system of permits issuing to legal persons and individual entrepreneurs is not perfect. The analysis of the reasons for the fundamental changes in the business model of taxi transport in the conditions of operation of aggregators has been carried out. The importance of ensuring the safety of passenger taxis in the new conditions is stressed. The article analyzes the consequences of the emergence of aggregate taxi companies and their radical transformation of classical taxi transport.

Materials and methods. Based on the analysis of international experience, the priority of taxi driver requirements in the world’s largest mega-cities is justified. A comparison of the safety of passenger taxis with road traffic accidents in Western Europe is given. On the basis of official statistics, the level of safety of passenger taxi transport in Moscow and in comparison with accidents in the Russian Federation has been decreasing in recent years. However, the Russian Federation has not been able to meet the requirements of the Russian Federation. It is stated that the social risk indicator in taxi transport in Moscow, Russia, exceeds the Russian level by about 300%. The correlation between the safety of transport in taxis and the income of taxi drivers has been shown.

Results. As a result of the research carried out in Moscow, a mathematical relationship between the driver’s salary and earnings and the duration of work has been determined. The results of the research carried out in Moscow are as follows: The Russian Federation has taken a number of steps. The existing tariffs dictated by aggregators do not provide a minimum level of social income and force drivers to recycle, disrupt work and consequently increase the number of accidents. A review of foreign studies also showed that a reduction in the hourly income of taxi drivers leads to an increase in the number of crashes. The real incomes of taxi drivers in Moscow are shown as a result of the activities of aggregators. The commission of aggregators has grown 10-12 times in the years of their activity. Discussion. On the basis of the completed study conceptual approaches to improve the system of regulation of taxi activity in our country with the aim of increasing the safety of passenger transport are proposed. Changes to the current regulatory system should establish the legal status of transport order aggregators and their responsibility for the safety of passengers. The proposed system envisages a change in the authority for tariff regulation of taxi transport. The introduction of «access to the profession» of the driver and «access to the market» of business entities is envisaged.

Conclusion. The introduction of a permitting system for aggregators based on their operational requirements and on mobile platforms (applications) will increase the safety of taxi transportation. This will also be facilitated by the requirements for the level of professionalism of drivers in the form of ‘an access to the profession’. The same is true for ‘access to a market’ of entities directly carrying passengers. The creation of digital profiles and the control of orders transferred by aggregators will prevent illegal traffic. The legal status of taxi drivers and the monitoring of their working conditions will make it possible to optimize tariff regulation and raise the level of pay. The proposed set of measures together will improve the safety of passenger taxis.

Introduction. Recently, in large and medium-sized cities, the increase in traffic has been exacerbated by the growth of motorization and the lack of development of the road network. Increasing vehicle traffic to a critical level leads to overcapacity of the arteries and, as a consequence, increases the level of delay. Public urban mass passenger transport is one of the most vulnerable groups in this regard. In order to unload the city’s street network, it is necessary to reduce the level of road traffic. One of the effective measures to deal with this problem is to increase the attractiveness of urban mass passenger transport, i.e. to ensure an adequate level of service for passengers including high speed, which can be increased by giving priority to bus traffic. One of the prospects for prioritizing public urban transport is the development of individual lanes or streets for urban rolling stock only. Due to the lack of criteria for the allocation of separate lanes for urban rolling stock, they have begun to appear in the vast majority on the main streets of the city. There are a large number of urban highways used for the operation of only one public transport route with dedicated lanes on them. The need for such arrangements is questionable. It is therefore necessary to formulate the criteria that justify the need for a separate urban passenger lane on a given stretch of the city network. Thus, the purpose of this work is to identify patterns between traffic parameters and the parameters of the urban public passenger transport programme, which will determine the criteria for the need for a separate lane for urban land transport on each individual stretch of the network.

Materials and methods. This article deals with the method of determining the need for a separate lane for public urban passenger transport on a given stretch of the road network. In order to improve the quality of the transport of passengers, a mathematical model has been developed, based on such indicators as the level of traffic delay and the share of passenger traffic in the total flow of participants. Results. The necessary conditions have been laid down the strict implementation of which determines the need to ensure the priority of urban mass public passenger transport on the section of the city’s street network under consideration.

Discussion and conclusion. The dependencies obtained make it possible to identify the need to ensure the priority of urban transport.

Introduction. At present the transportation of current high-capacity containers in road-rail mixed network is carried out only by means of the specialized sites with the equipment for their reloading. The number of such sites on the railway transport network in the Russian Federation is significantly fewer than the number of conventional cargo railway stations without such equipment, which leads to distance, time and cost of delivery increasing, the efficiency of the road transport use reducing due to a large downtime. The transportation of high-capacity containers by road rolling stock (RS) is often carried out over the considerable distances in the reverse direction by rail. In order to eliminate these shortcomings, the authors of the article formulated the purpose of the work – the development and evaluation of the efficiency of the technology of goods transportation in high-capacity containers with load lifting stays in a road-railway network based on a transportation case study. Within the framework of which a new design of a container with load lifting stays has been developed which allow to carry out loading and unloading operations with the container at conventional cargo railway stations without the use of specialized equipment of container terminals, as well as the efficiency evaluation of the technology of the containers transportation in road-rail network based on a case study.

Materials and methods. The study uses the following methods of theories: cars operation, car operational properties, transport processes; analytical and numerical methods.

Results. It has been determined that the cargo delivery time according to the new technology of transportation of high-capacity containers with load lifting stays from the Volga brewery to Novosibirsk has decreased by 24.6%, the time of operation of road RS has decreased by 10 times, and the annual economic efficiency of the new technology application is 1.55 million rubles in comparison with the current technology.

Discussion and conclusions. Based on the case study of the use of a new technology for the transportation of high-capacity containers with load lifting stays in a mixed network it has been found that this technology allows: A) to reduce the number of delivery operations by 24%; B) to reduce the delivery time by 24.6% and the operation time of motor transport by 10 times. C) to obtain the annual economic effect of the application of the new technology in the amount of 1.55 million rubles.

Introduction. The construction of bridges using timber materials is experiencing a real boom throughout the world .The USA is considered to be a leader, where 80% of the bridges are made of timber or materials based on it. In Russia timber bridge construction has been stagnating for the last 50 years, although there is a need for these bridges. Timber structures could solve many problems with Russian roads, especially in remote areas. Timber structures are widely considered to be outdated, so they cannot meet current requirements of load capacity and durability, also they are vulnerable to atmospheric influences, etc. But foreign experience proves the contrary. The article is devoted to the implementation of new plank-nailed spans that meet current requirements of load capacity, reliability and durability.

Materials and methods. The authors suggest and describe a new span structure. The span consists of planktimber- nailed-dowel blocks and a reinforced concrete slab generating a composite action. Some special crested shear connectors are suggested as combining elements. The top part works as flexible shear connectors in a reinforced concrete slab. The bottom part works as dowels with steel joints and timbers structures. The investigation of the stress-strain state of the structure has been completed within “compound beam” theory.

Results. The application of the cast-in-place reinforced concrete slab allows to protect supporting timber structures against atmospheric influences, dirt, cracking from the sun rays, radiation and provides at least 50-year durability. The timber preservation provides a specified service life. The application of suggested connection with composite action between a reinforced concrete slab and supporting timber structures increases effectiveness of the composite timber concrete structure compared to steel and reinforced concrete structures. Trans-Baikal territory, Irkutsk and Arkhangelsk Regions, Khabarovsk Territory, the Republics of Sakha (Yakutia), Buriatia, Karelia are in the greatest need of the timber concrete composite spans, because they have a lot of forest resources and old timber bridges that are still in service.