Introduction. Self-propelled plate compactors are soil compaction machines with a flat working body that provide layer-by-layer soil compaction with small-thickness layers. Depending on the method of travel, reversible and forward plate compactors may be distinguished. Designing plate compactors requires substantiation of a number of technical specifications, such as driving force, frequency of vibration exciter, length and width of the base plate, engine power, relative driving force, etc. To summarize the manufacturing experience and reveal specifics in main parameters of reversible and forward plate compactors, a statistical analysis was carried out.

Materials and methods. 644 models of forward and 484 models of reversible plate compactors were examined. Technical specifications data for the models under study was obtained from official websites of plate compactor manufacturers and their dealers. Regression equations and correlation coefficients were calculated in Microsoft Excel.

Results. The variation ranges of technical specifications for forward and reversible plate compactors were determined. Regression equations and correlation coefficients were derived for correlations between the base plate length and width, engine power driving force, oscillation frequency and relative driving force and the mass of forward and reversible plate compactors. Most of the correlations exhibit medium or low correlation coefficients.

Conclusion. The variation ranges for most parameters of forward and reversible plate compactors overlap within their respective mass ranges. The only exceptions are the relative driving force and oscillation frequency of vibration exciters, where forward plate compactors exhibit a significant scatter of values. The mass variation ranges also differ, with mass range of reversible plate compactors almost completely overlapping the corresponding range of forward plate compactors. Medium and low correlation coefficients and significant scatter of certain parameters suggest that manufacturers do not have a generally accepted methodology for their justification. When conducting further research, it is advisable to differentiate between reversible and forward plate compactors, since their technical specifications, travel mechanics and stress distribution along the contact surface differ. Furthermore, to enhance the efficiency of plate compactors, it is reasonable to study the influence of the mass ration between the frame and the base plate, as well as shock absorber characteristics, in order to ensure the contact stress time required for effective soil compaction.

Introduction. Cold-in-Place Recycling (CIR) technology is an effective solution for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation. However, the mixing chamber of CIR equipment is simultaneously exposed to severe mechanical abrasion, impact loading from reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), and aggressive chemical environments associated with bitumen–water emulsions. These combined effects result in complex degradation mechanisms that significantly reduce the equipment’s service life.

Materials and methods. This study focuses on the evaluation and development of optimized polymer–composite coating systems for CIR mixing chambers. The approach is based on selecting matrix resins, including epoxy and polyurethane/polyurea systems, and combining them with multifunctional fillers, such as solid lubricants, reinforcing agents, and nano- and micro-phase components.

Results. A multicriteria optimization methodology was applied to achieve a balanced combination of mechanical, physico-chemical, and operational properties, including adhesion strength, hardness, elasticity balance, wear resistance, friction reduction, impact toughness, chemical and thermal stability, and practical applicability and manufacturability.

Discussion and conclusions. The results indicate that epoxy matrices reinforced with hybrid nano-micro fillers and supplemented with solid lubricants substantially enhance coating service life, improve tribological performance, and reduce both coating delamination and RAP bitumen adhesion, while maintaining reasonable cost and process ability. Furthermore, the proposed design strategy provides a novel practical approach for developing protective coatings in other industrial sectors where resistance to abrasion, impacts, and chemically aggressive conditions is required.

Introduction. This article is devoted to modeling interaction between a vibratory drum and soil under deformation during compaction of roadbed layers.

Methods and Materials. Mathematical modeling of the roller vibratory drum-deformable medium oscillatory system is presented. This modeling involves building a system of differential equations which describes interacting elements of the oscillatory system. The system includes massive bodies with rigid and viscous properties; the latter comply with the rheological characteristics of the roller drum and the soil compacted.

Results. Systems of differential equations for vibrating mass motion are presented, enabling to determine the average vibration acceleration values   within the volume of compacted soil. The obtained dependences of the viscous friction coefficient of the deformable soil on the influence of an external deforming force are presented.

Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained can be used to substantiate rational operating parameters of vibratory roller modes at various compaction stages.

Introduction. Passenger transportation systems in large cities are characterized by large-scale development, dynamism, and a high level of uncertainty. Their functioning is dual: on the one hand, they must meet the needs of the population for movement while maintaining a sufficient level of public transportation service quality; on the other hand, they must contribute to the development of the economy of the city, of the region, and of the country. All this determines the demand for both operational and strategic controlling of urban passenger transportation, which includes, in particular, performance assessment. Such evaluation is necessary for specialists in the field of transport to form a system of measures and actions aimed at improving processes within the system.

Materials and methods. Nowadays fuzzy logic is widely used to solve management problems, in particular, to estimate the functioning of complex processes and systems. It allows you to derivate integral values based on a large number of heterogeneous input data, taking into account the multidimensional nature of the system.

Results. The algorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of urban public passenger transport systems based on the principles of fuzzy logic theory has been developed. The proposed algorithm makes it possible to determine the effectiveness of the transport process in several areas: within a single indicator, by blocks according to the areas, for each participant and for the entire system as a whole. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that in the process of implementing the fuzzy logic algorithm, a new fuzzy inference mechanism has been proposed combining simplicity of realization and calculation efficiency.

Discussion and conclusion. The developed algorithm will allow experts in the field of transport to conduct the assessment quickly: identify weak points in the development of the system and take timely measures to eliminate them. The scientific value of the research lies in the development of scientific principles for calculating the effectiveness of complex systems using the concepts of fuzzy logic theory. The generated algorithm is implemented in the software specially designed for research purposes.

Introduction. Diesel engines remain the primary powertrain for trucks and special-purpose vehicles and their widespread replacement by electric traction is unlikely in the near future. Under these conditions, monitoring the technical condition of the engine, particularly the cylinder-piston group, whose service life determines the longevity of the powertrain, is a pressing issue. The cylinder-piston group wear during operation leads to a deterioration in the engine key performance indicators. Despite the availability of various diagnostic methods, most are labor-intensive or of limited practical value. The most reliable methods require the use of external diagnostic tools, while onboard self-diagnostic systems provide only indirect assessment of engine condition. Therefore, it is advisable to develop methods for estimating engine wear using parameters available for onboard monitoring, such as crankcase gas flow rate.

Materials and Methods. The study of the dependance of crankcase gas flow with increase of the clearance in the piston ring on cylinder diameter has been conducted by mathematical method. Various diesel engine models for passenger cars and commercial vehicles have been used in the research. Diesel engines with various characteristics have been selected for examination, including cylinder diameters ranging from 83 to 144 mm and engine capacity from 2 to 16.0 liters. Regression analysis methods in the MATLAB software environment have been applied to process the data, resulting in the determination of patterns of crankcase gas flow rate changes due to cylinder leaks and a proportional value – the difference in airflow rates with a closed crankcase ventilation system and with the crankcase breather isolated from the intake tract. The validation of the model has additionally been conducted by comparing the calculated data with experimental measurements in laboratory and in field conditions.

Discussion and Conclusion. The pattern obtained through the study allows us to determine the wear degree of the cylinder-piston group based on the air flow rate measured by standard on-board diagnostics. Measurements have been conducted with the forced crankcase ventilation hose connected and with this hose isolated from the measurement tract under identical conditions. The scientific contribution of this study lies in the experimental substantiation of a quantitative relationship between the difference in air flow in two measurement modes (with the crankcase ventilation hose connected and isolated) and the degree of cylinder-piston group wear. This relationship has not previously been presented in the literature as a clear diagnostic pattern suitable for use with standard sensors. It has been established that measuring the difference in air flow is a reliable indicator of cylinder-piston group wear, allowing to predict the engine condition without the use of invasive diagnostic methods. In conclusion, the study highlights the importance of regular monitoring the cylinder-piston group condition to maintain optimal performance and extend engine service life. Further work is recommended to focus on integrating the proposed methodology into on-board diagnostic systems.

Introduction. The relevance of this study comes from the need to substantiate quantitatively parking space planning as an element of a unified transportation system. The operational characteristics of the parking area, including occupancy, entry and exit rates, dwell times, and intervals between entries have been examined. Based on field observations, statistical patterns have been established and a simulation model has been verified. The survey of the parking area operational characteristics has been conducted, including an analysis of space occupancy, entry and exit rates, dwell times, and intervals between entries, as well as other key indicators. Observations were being made over the week in autumn, 2024.

Materials and Methods. The stationary Azimut DT photo and video recording systems have been used to conduct the field study. The obtained data was processed with the help of mathematical statistics methods, including distribution law assessment, correlation analysis, and the Kolmogorov test. To predict parking system performance the simulation model has been developed and implemented in the AnyLogicenvironment.

Results. Quantitative data has been collected by stationary photo and video surveillance systems, providing continuous monitoring of vehicle distributions in the parking lot throughout the whole research period. Key parking area performance indicators have showed a day-of-week dependence, which must be considered in planning, locating, and operating urban parking infrastructure.

The correlation analysis confirmed a functional relationship between the intensity of vehicle entry and exit within the parking area and traffic flow on the adjacent road. The obtained results have been used to develop a simulation model of the parking lot. Computational modeling data was compared with field measurements. The data obtained through the study are useful for organizing traffic flow on the urban street and road network, for zoning and de signing the urban area, and can serve as a basis for developing and evaluating urban planning and architectural solutions.

Average values of entry and exit rates and intervals between them have been obtained (6.7–14.5 min). The hypothesis of an exponential distribution of intervals has been rejected. The hypothesis of a Poisson flow for short intervals (2 min) is consistent with the data. A linear correlation between entry/exit rates and traffic flow rates on the adjacent road has been identified and approximated (R = 0.81-0.86). A comparison of the actual and simulated curves according to the Chebyshev norm revealed a discrepancy of 0.0058 - 0.0891.

Discussion and Conclusions. The functional dependence of parking area parameters on external traffic has been confirmed. The developed simulation model reproduces the functioning of the parking area adequately. The results can be recommended for urban planning and organization of parking areas like under consideration. However, the developed methodology can be extended to other parking infrastructure facilities to ensure the rational use of urban resources and to improve the transportation system.

Introduction. The mountable third-axel module equipped with an electric drive, proposed by G.O. Kotiev in RU218304U1 patent, allows for a significant increase in the load capacity of a two-axel all-terrain vehicle (ATV) while preserving its mobility and requiring no major changes to the standard design. While the integration of hybrid transmissions in vehicles has enabled more efficient energy consumption, their use in vehicles for small-scale mechanization, such as all-terrain vehicles, has not been sufficiently investigated. Current approaches do not take into account the design features and operating conditions of vehicles for small-scale mechanization. This paper examines methods to control a hybrid powertrain of an ATV with electric third-axle drive.

Materials and methods. This paper uses simulation modeling to determine the most efficient approach to drive control when driving on hard surfaces with varying unevenness characteristics. To summarize, analyze energy costs, and compare the efficiency of a thermal and electric engine, a new criterion was proposed. This criterion links the energy density of the battery and the mass fuel consumption. As a result, it allows for an evaluation based on the mass of fuel consumed and the conventional mass of the battery discharged. This criterion is relevant for ATVs due to their limited load capacity. To reduce wheel slippage losses, an algorithm based on an indirect method for estimating vertical reaction was proposed. This method allows for estimating vertical reaction and adjusting the torque applied to the wheels without the use of force sensors.

Results. An analysis of scientific literature on the rational management of hybrid powertrains and individual drives was conducted. A mathematical model of ATV movement over uneven surfaces was created, taking into account fuel consumption and battery discharge. Algorithms for setting parameters and improving efficiency were proposed, including the use of a new evaluation criterion.

Discussions and Conclusion. The study established the limits of the supporting base roughness characteristics for two approaches to settings application and demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed algorithms for improving efficiency, which makes it possible to develop a comprehensive control mechanism for ATVs with hybrid power plant.

Practical significance. The practical value of this research stems from the implementation of the proposed efficient control strategies for a newly designed hybrid ATV driving on roads with various roughness types for transport manufacturing enterprises.

Originality. The study of the vehicle under consideration lies at the intersection of several research fields. The first area involves studying the movement of vehicles with parallel hybrid transmission in urban conditions, where road irregularities are not taken into account. The second field focuses on the off-road movement of self-propelled vehicles. The results obtained make it possible to transform this duality into efficient control mechanism to design vehicles for small-scale mechanization.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the need to shift from the cumulative road traffic accidents (RTAs) tracking to dynamic assessment methods that can identify points with the highest risk for targeted resource allocation. The aim of the work is to develop and test a temperature ranking method for the intelligent identification and ranking of local accident clusters.

Materials and Methods. The research is based on calculating an integral temperature indicator for a road network location as the weighted sum of all RTAs in its vicinity, with an exponential decay of the contribution over time. The approaches used include spatio-temporal clustering, parametric weighting of RTA types based on frequency and controllability criteria, and mathematical modeling with a memory parameter (τ). The methodological apparatus is implemented as a PHP software module integrated into data analysis systems.

Results. The research findings include: 1) an algorithm is formalized which quantitatively differentiates the risk at locations with the same number of RTAs but different event structures and recency; 2) a three-level system of weights for RTA types is proposed and justified; 3) a comparative pilot test on real data from three intersections in Kaliningrad (2022-2024) is carried out showing correct ranking of locations by current risk level.

Discussion and Conclusions. The scientific novelty lies in integrating spatial proximity, temporal relevance, and typological significance of events into a single adaptable indicator. The practical value of the method is related to providing road management authorities and traffic police with a tool for well-founded planning accident reduction on road networks.

Introduction. In large urban agglomerations, modeling an inter-municipal origin–destination (OD) matrix is necessary to substantiate transport planning decisions. The most widely used tool is the gravity model, which accounts for spatial separation between zones; however, in agglomerations a radiation approach based on the “intervening opportunities” mechanism may be promising. At the same time, the applicability of the radiation model to agglomerations of major Russian cities remains insufficiently studied.

The objective is to estimate an inter-municipal OD matrix within an urban agglomeration based on mobile network operator data on population movements and to compare the accuracy of the gravity and radiation models as tools required for solving transport planning tasks.

Materials and methods. Aggregated mobile network operator data on inter-municipal population trips in the Yekaterinburg agglomeration were used. Road-network distances derived from OpenStreetMap data were used as the generalized travel cost. For calibrating the doubly constrained gravity and radiation models, the method of moments and the biproportional balancing (Furness) method were applied.

Results. The models were calibrated, predictive OD matrices were constructed, and validation against observed flows was performed. Both approaches were shown to reproduce adequately the main “core–satellite” directions; however, for medium-sized flows and for links between satellite towns, differences appear due to different trip generation mechanisms in the models. In terms of absolute accuracy metrics, the gravity model demonstrates a slight advantage, whereas the radiation model shows more stable performance in terms of relative errors. At the same time, the strength of association between observed and modeled flows is high for both models.

Conclusion. The results confirm a comparable explanatory power of the gravity and radiation approaches in modeling an inter-municipal OD matrix. The radiation model is more preferable from a practical perspective due to its simplicity and the absence of calibratable parameters.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of introducing transport innovations into the urban environment of modern megacities. The features of urban transport in a modern megalopolis are described and the requirements for urban passenger transport services are outlined, taking into account the growth of urbanization and the need to ensure sustainable development of territories. The features and the typology of transport innovations are given. The results of investigating foreign experience on introducing innovations in urban transport in large cities are presented. The features of the state policy in the field of urban transport system development are determined based on the case of St. Petersburg. Through the study of expert opinions and strategic documents of the city’s development, the priorities and key tasks of the development of the megalopolis urban transport system are reflected. Based on the study of materials on the practical use of transport innovations in the urban environment, the characteristics of key participants and innovation market proposals for the research object are systematized by market segments. A study was conducted on evaluations and reactions of city residents regarding the quality of transport services in the urban environment and the need to introduce innovations into the city’s transport system in light of current problems. The article highlights the concept factors that are most important in assessing the quality of transport services and ways to improve them, namely, the development of digital services, infrastructure solutions, intelligent transport systems, and their integration into the digital space of a large city, as well as the rolling stock of public transport. Based on cognitive modeling, the impact of direct and indirect interrelated effects of factors on the quality management of transport services in a megalopolis has been revealed.

Materials and methods. The data systematization method was applied to aggregate materials on the use of transport innovations in the urban environment, taking into account its features. The priorities of urban transport development were identified based on the generalization method. The identification of the problem of the St. Petersburg transport system, the assessment of the population’s reactions to the quality of transport services and the description of promising tools and means of innovative transformation of urban transport were provided through urban resident questionnaires and expert surveys. The tools of cognitive modeling of the factor-to-quality relationships for transport services in the urban environment were used.

Results and conclusions. Based on the systematization of documents for the strategic development of the urban transport system in St. Petersburg, the tasks of innovative transformation of the transport system through the introduction of innovations have been prioritized. The opinion and reactions of city residents as to the expediency of introducing transport innovations in the urban environment to solve current and future problems of the megalopolis transport system have been revealed. The main concepts-factors determining the possibilities of improving the quality of transport services for residents of a megalopolis based on a cognitive process map have been identified. The further research is related to quantifying the impact of conditions (for example, the reaction of the population of different ages and social status) and the parameters of the model, a set of factors and options for innovative solutions on the possibilities of improving the quality of public transport services based on the theory of fuzzy sets.

Introduction. An important task is the effective utilization of industrial waste, particularly crushed ceramic brick (CCB), in the production of construction materials, which allows to solve environmental problems and to improve the economic efficiency of technological processes simultaneously. Сrushed ceramic brick is a waste left annually in volumes of 15–20 million tons in Russia, it possesses promising physical and mechanical properties that enables its use as secondary raw material for producing high-quality masonry mortars. This is particularly relevant in devel oping technologies for the restoration of damaged buildings and structures in Luhansk, Donetsk and other regions of Russia. The development of such mortars is especially relevant within the framework of the “law of structural affinity” proposed by Belgorod Technological University, since using materials with similar composition and structure ensures enhanced adhesion, long service life, and improved operational performance characteristics of masonry structures based on crushed ceramic brick.

Purpose of the study. The aim of the research is to develop and substantiate the application of masonry mortars with the use of fine-dispersed filler derived from crushed ceramic brick, ensuring improved operational properties in the construction of wall structures. To achieve this goal, the tasks of studying the filler influence on the physical-me chanical and adhesive properties of mortars, analyzing their hardening kinetics, evaluating deformation character istics, and investigating the microstructure of the contact zone with various wall materials, have been performed.

Materials and methods. Experimental studies have been conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Construction Material Science of Products and Structures, and the analysis of the research literature has been carried out at the scientific and technical library of Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. The work has been executed with the use of standard testing methods, as well as in accordance with operating instruc tions for the employed instruments and equipment.

Conclusion. The study confirmed that the application of finely ground ceramic brick as a filler in masonry mortars significantly enhances their adhesion due to structural compatibility with ceramic wall materials, in accordance with the law of structural affinity.

Introduction. The use of cold regeneration technology with stabilization of asphalt granulate by various binders in the repair of roads with nonrigid pavement allows to increase the time between repairs considerably, to reduce the material consumption for road structures, and operating costs.

At the same time, the replacement of cement used to strengthen asphalt granulate with complex slow-hardening mineral binders with an increased content of dicalcium silicate (belite) will save significant volume of cement, improve the technological parameters of asphalt granulate concrete mixtures and enhance the durability of road structures due to the long-term preservation of a large reserve of non-hydrated binder in asphalt granulate concrete. Therefore, the development of scientifically based optimal compositions of complex mineral binders for strengthen ing asphalt granulate is a highly relevant scientific and practical task.

Materials and methods. Laboratory studies included the determination of the physical and physical-mechanical properties of the initial material used to produce asphalt granulated concrete: nepheline sludge, Portland cement, and asphalt granulate, according to standard methods described in industry road methodological documents and Interstate standard: ODM 218.3.043-2015, GOST 31108-2020, and ODM 218.6.1.005-2021, respectively. The measurements of grinding fineness, time of initial setting and compressive strength of the developed mineral binders after 56 days have also been fulfilled.

The manufacture and testing of asphalt granulated concrete samples has been carried out in accordance with the requirements of industry road methodological document: ODM 218.6.1.005-2021. In addition to the standard check ing periods for samples aged 7 and 28 days, tests have been performed at the age of 270 days.

Results. A theoretical justification is given for the use of nepheline sludge as a component of complex mineral bind ers to strengthen asphalt granulate. Optimal compositions of complex mineral binders to 5.0 class from nepheline sludge, 5-15% activated Portland cement have been developed. Optimal dosages of 5-15% of complex binders have been recommended for strengthening asphalt granulate during the construction of foundations and coatings. The use of these binders will enable to obtain high-tech asphalt granule concrete mixtures and asphalt granule concrete with increased service life and minimal cement consumption, which will help to extend the time between repairs and improve the environmental conditions.