Introduction. At the initial stages of designing snow blower feeders, it is necessary to have relatively simple ratios on the basis of which one can judge their efficiency and their potential. The presence of such indicators makes it possible to reasonably choose the design scheme, geometric and kinematic parameters of the working bodies of rotary snowplows. The solution of such problems, in turn, can significantly reduce the time for designing machines and their working bodies. Thus, the main goal of this study is to assess the possibility of substantiating the effectiveness of design solutions for snow blowers in the early stages of design.
Methods and materials. To achieve this goal, such tasks as the substantiation of the indicators on the basis of which the effectiveness will be assessed, description of the mechanism for obtaining their theoretical values were solved.
Results. As a result of the research, analytical expressions were obtained for the volumes of snow mass cut by horizontal and vertical cutters of the rotary snowplow feeder. The time of transporting the cut snow mass has been estimated. The degree of influence of a number of design and technological parameters on the size of the cut snow mass and the time of its transportation is shown.
Discussion and conclusion. The equations for the lengths of the trajectories of motion of an arbitrary point of the cutter of the feeder of a rotary snowplow are obtained for its vertical and horizontal arrangement. The equations make it possible to determine the duration of the interaction between the transported snow mass and the working equipment from the moment of its capture to the moment of its unloading. As a result of the research, the range of values was determined, in which the length of the cutting path of the snow mass for a horizontal cutter is less than the length of the cutting path for a vertical cutter.

Introduction. The long network of pipelines on the territory of our country needs timely and high-quality repairs. The entrenching tool used so far increases the complexity of work on the overhaul of pipelines, which forces to create solutions for mechanizing the process of digging the pipeline. The purpose of the study conducted in this article is to determine the performance and total torque of the working equipment of the excavator. A general view of the working equipment with the designation of the positions necessary for the study is given.
Methods and materials. The concept of specific values of torque and power per one cutter of working equipment has been introduced. The dependencies of the total productivity of the cutters and the torque of the cutters are established. Due to the peculiarity of the design of the working equipment, each of the dependencies is considered separately for the front and rear incisors. The surfaces that reflect the influence of the angular velocity of rotation of the milling head and the angle of installation of the cutters on the parameters under the study are constructed.
Results. Based on the obtained dependence of the total torque of the milling working equipment, a nomogram was compiled. By setting the number of N cutters, the speed of rotation of n working milling head and the number of strokes of the DorNII (Road Research Institute) striker, it is possible to determine the required torque of the hydraulic motor.
Сonclusions. According to the results of the theoretical study of the process of cutting soil with the help of excavator milling working equipment, the dependencies of the total productivity and total torque of the working equipment were established. The constructed graphic dependencies help to determine the degree of influence of design and operating parameters on the work process. The created nomogram is recommended for use in the design of working equipment.

Introduction. The problem of accelerating and reducing the cost of road construction without reducing their quality can be solved by creating a complex of continuous units. The units, following each other, carry out the whole range of works aimed at the construction of roads. One of the elements of the continuous unit that forms the cuvette is a direct-flow rotary ripper. It was revealed that for excavation near the axis of rotation of the rotor of a direct-flow rotary ripper, a small rotor with a higher angular velocity should be installed, coaxially with a large rotor. The small rotor contains: a small rotor tip with spiral blades, two teeth and two knives. One of the elements of the small rotor is a spiral blade. The interaction with the soil of spiral blades has not been sufficiently studied.
The method of research. The interaction with the ground of the tip of a small rotor with spiral blades is considered. The angles of inclination of the first and second turns of the spiral are determined by the construction of the scan. The following assumptions are made: the ratio of the forces acting on the part of the cone with the spiral to the part of the cone without the spiral is equal to the ratio of the lengths of the cones forming these parts; The spiral blade does not slow down the unit and does not accelerate it, that is, the sum of the forces that counteract the introduction of the cone into the ground balances the forces that introduce the cone into the ground. The sum of the conditional normal reactions of the cone to the impact of the soil is equal to the product of the resistivity of the soil and the surface area of the cone and the coefficient that takes into account the increase in the resistivity of the soil as it is compacted by the cone.
Results. On the basis of the methodology, calculations and constructions were made. The area of the front surface of the turn of the spiral blade is approximately equal to the product of the height of the turn and the length of its midline. By construction, the length of the midline of the turns was revealed. The dependences of the length of the spiral on the height of the turn of the spiral blade are shown in the figures. The limits of the angles of inclination of the base of the first and second turns of the spiral blade are established. The height of the turn blade is determined.
Conclusion. The angles of inclination of the first and second turns of the spiral are determined by constructing the scan. By constructing projections on the transverse-vertical plane, the lengths of the middle lines of the spiral blade spins are determined. Based on the calculations, taking into account wear during operation and distortion of the projection of the spiral on the transverse-vertical plane, the height of the spiral blade is 10 mm.

Introduction. Despite the introduction of new amendments to the rules of the road, accidents involving personal mobility device (PMD) continue to occur on the roads of the Russian Federation. The analysis of statistical indicators makes possible to determine that more than 90% of accidents occur in populated areas, with the participation of PMDs equipped with electric motor mainly collisions with vehicles, with less powerful, not equipped with electric motor mainly collisions with pedestrians occur, which indicates certain chosen conditions for driving - the roadway and sidewalks. In addition, it was found that in these cases, one of the emerging types of accidents is tipping, associated primarily with the available elements on sections of city streets and city roads, which have a certain height above the level of roads and sidewalks. In order to determine the possibility of a overturning taking these elements into account, the analysis of the urban infrastructure was determined, the main elements that pose a risk to PMD traffic were identified, their geometric parameters were established and a mathematical calculation of the traffic conditions was carried out in the study.
Methods and materials. As materials and methods for the study, the methods of statistical analysis and mathematical calculations were defined.
Results. As a result of the calculation, the authors identified the elements of the urban infrastructure that are dangerous for the movement of the PMD, when interacting with which, with a high degree of probability, the device in question will overturn and injure the driver of the PMD.
Conclusion. The calculations have identified the main hazardous elements located on the city streets and urban roads. It was found that the process of overturning is influenced by the geometric characteristics of the device. In view of the obtained results, the perspective directions of improvement of traffic safety in urban transport systems - development of requirements for safety PMD and creation of specialized infrastructure for the safe movement of the PMD in the conditions of modern cities were determined.

Introduction. The results of forecast estimation of the number, structure of the Russian motor vehicle fleet by type of power units and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions up to 2050 are presented, taking into account the update of the initial data used in the calculations and the assumption that it will be decided to stop production of passenger cars with internal combustion engines starting from 2045.
Materials and methods. The forecast of the level of motorization, the number of vehicle fleet by type of power plant and fuel type, environmental class were estimated taking into account the renewal of the fleet, the balance of supply and disposal of ATVs. These data are given in the forms of state statistical reporting, long-term strategies of transport industry development, partly generated by researchers themselves. The Copert 5 methodology was also used to calculate greenhouse gas emissions.
Results. Compared to earlier projections, the value of total GHG emissions of the vehicle fleet in 2050 according to the current projection will be about the same as in 2045, i.e. will be 5 years behind.
Discussion and conclusions. In the near term, the rate of decarbonization of road transport in Russia may slow down significantly. Vehicles with internal combustion engines using hydrocarbon fuels (liquid, gaseous) will still dominate the vehicle fleet by 2050.

Introduction. The process of planning public transport is divided into a few number of tasks in strategic, tactical and operational levels, which include the development route system, the establishment of traffic intensity along routes, the design of the structure of road transport vehicles, the distribution of the current road transport vehicles along the routes, determining the required amount of the subsidies, etc.
Materials and methods. The article presents a multi-criteria mathematical model of transportation design, according to which the tasks have been solved by distributing (limited or unlimited) transport resources between the permissible routes of the transport network in accordance with a variety of efficiency criteria, which can be the subject to appropriate restrictions. The formation acceptable routes on the transport network can be carried out by means of the algorithms developed, for example, in the framework of solving TNDP and TNDFSP tasks. The routes can also be adjusted by experts. Transport demand is set by a matrix of passenger correspondence generated for the entire period of traffic on a weekday, to ensure that all passenger flows along the route network are taken into account, and not only the periods of the greatest traffic intensity. The calculation of the parameters of the transport offer in the process of solving the problems of transportation design is carried out based on the results of the passenger correspondence distribution on the route network (PAP), which is a complex problem unsolved today. The article describes the developed PAP methodology based on a flexible passenger strategy that takes into account the waiting time for transport, the proximity of the route through an empirical model of dividing demand by the length of trips, the preferences of transport modes, the possible redistribution of passenger flows between the stopping points of the network located within a walking distance.
Results. The tasks of designing public transport transportation have been formulated, a multi-criteria mathematical model of their solution has been developed. The method of distribution of passenger flows on the route network based on a flexible passenger strategy has been described. The effectiveness of the developed PAP methodology is shown on test calculations, which were carried out using passenger correspondence, an average weekday in October 2019, obtained by processing validations of e-tickets of urban passenger transport in Krasnoyarsk.
Discussion and conclusion. The practical implementation of the described methodology for the distribution of passenger flows on the route network using relational database management systems (DBMS) MS SQL Server has been carried out.

Introduction. Capital construction of buildings and structures in the Republic of Iraq is one of the most important areas of production activity, it is the basis for the development of all sectors in the country’s economy. The modern construction complex of Iraq is constantly developing and improving, modern construction materials, technologies, methods of organization and management of construction are being introduced, which makes it possible to implement construction projects of almost unlimited complexity. However, in modern conditions that have been formed in the Republic of Iraq from the end of the 20th century to the present, a special problem has become the need for full and timely provision of construction with all types of resources, which, in the conditions of the Iraqi construction market, is an unsolved scientific and practical task, due to the high influence of negative factors different nature, thereby reducing the organizational and technological reliability of the construction of buildings.
Materials and methods. To solve this problem, 7 stages of developing a system of indicators for the sustainable development of resource infrastructure, which will improve the organizational and technological reliability of construction in Iraq are proposed. In addition, a model for calculating generalized criteria for the organizational and technological reliability of construction was developed. To determine the significance of indicators of organizational and technological reliability, it is proposed to use the method of expert evaluation.
Results. A system of indicators for the sustainable development of resource infrastructure has been developed, consisting of seven stages. The indicators of organizational and technological reliability of construction are singled out and their significance is determined.
Discussion and conclusions. Taking into account the influence of the factors studied by us predetermines the use of the concept of risk as a quantitative measure of the implementation of a negative scenario of the construction progress under the influence of various factors, which allows further research using the apparatus of risk theory. On the basis of the proposed research method, we can calculate the effectiveness of indicators of resource provision for construction in Iraq.

Introduction. The growing amount of stored waste from TPPs has a negative impact on the environmental and economic situation in Russia. The content of ash dumps leads to pollution of nearby areas and increase in energy prices. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use TPP waste as a component of solutions.
Materials and methods. The equipment on which the experiment was performed is listed. For the test of compressive strength, the press TP-1-350 Universal was used. For the test of flexural strength, MII-100 machine was used. Specific surface area of TPP waste was determined on PSKh-12 device. The samples gained the strength in the chamber of normal hardening. The chemical composition of TPP waste was determined by the X-ray fluorescent method.
Results. The experimental data on the strength of specimens with the replacement of part of the cement by waste thermal power plants of different genesis are presented. The part of the samples were cured under normal conditions, and part was subjected to heat and humidity treatment. Specific cement consumption per unit of compressive and flexural strength was calculated. Compressive strength of mortars with replacement of 20% of cement by Kuznetsky TPP ash makes it possible to obtain samples with strength by 8% less than the control sample under normal curing conditions. The use of acid ash from Omsk TPP and Kuznetsky TPP under heat and moisture treatment makes it possible to obtain the samples with compressive strength higher than the control sample up to 13%. The introduction of 30 % of the basic ash from Novosibirsk TPP instead of cement allows to obtain samples with compressive strength up to 46,55 MPa. The calculation of specific consumption of cement per unit strength showed that the use of the proposed compositions is more cost-effective than the control ashless sample up to 30%.
Discussion and conclusions. It has been proved that replacement of up to 30% of cement by TPP wastes makes it possible to obtain mortars with strength not lower than that of the control cement sample. Depending on curing conditions and the type of used TPP waste it is possible to receive samples with compressive strength up to 46,55 MPa and bending strength up to 9,31 MPa. It was found that the use of heat and moisture treatment for the samples using basic ash does not give an increase in strength, compared to acidic ash.