Introduction. On the example of a motor grader knife, ways of increasing the reliability of road construction machines (RCM) operation are evaluated. For this purpose, the analysis of force effects nature on the working body of the RCM is carried out and its design features are highlighted (the presence of a welded joint). Based on the analysis, the range of characteristics necessary for making a decision on the possibility of replacement the material of the RCM working body is determined. Additionally, its thermocyclic treatment (TCT) is carried out. Experimental studies of the effect of this thermal impact type on the structure and properties of steels are described.
Materials and methods. With the help of metallographic analysis, the author investigates the influence of the number of thermal effects cycles on the grain size and the complex of various materials physical and mechanical characteristics of road construction machines working body at various stages of the thermocyclic treatment.
Results. It is determined that an increase in the level of the investigated steels physical and mechanical characteristics is possible through the use of TCT due to the obtaining of a fine-grained metal structure. The dependences of the main physical and mechanical characteristics of the investigated steels (ultimate strength and yield strength) on the number of thermal effects cycles are considered. Correlation relationships are selected to describe these dependencies. The relationship between the yield strength and ultimate strength of 09G2S and 30MnB5 steels and the grain size is considered. In addition, studies of the steels fatigue characteristics are carried out; data on determining the microhardness are presented for the welded joint. For various operating temperatures, fractographic studies are carried out on samples after cyclic loading.
Discussion and conclusion. Based on a comparative analysis of the complex of physical and mechanical characteristics, the author made a conclusion about the possibility of replacing steel 09G2S with steel 30MnB5.

Introduction. The productivity and efficiency of earth-cutting and transport machines (ETM) of the waste type depends on the nature and physical and mechanical properties of soils, i.e. on strength, connectivity, humidity, compactness, climatic conditions and on the region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to Professor R.A. Kabashev, the regions of Kazakhstan have mainly clay, sandy, loamy, sandy-gravel, coarse- and semi-rocky soils. Different designs and shapes of cutter blades, and therefore mouldboards, are required to develop these categories of soils to minimise cutting and digging resistance. Improved blade and blade designs result in higher productivity and energy efficiency, and the traction factor of the bulldozer is used effectively.
When studying and analyzing literature sources, scientists of CIS and foreign countries came to the conclusion that the theory of interaction of working bodies of earth-moving machines with soils, typical for the middle belt of Russia and Ukraine, which are characterized by some connection between particles of II, III categories of soil strength, was reasonably created. Mechanisms of interaction of such soils with bulldozing equipment differ from the processes occurring when digging unbound and dense loamy soils typical for Kazakhstan.
The material of this article represents the establishment of rational forms of the heap and the determination of optimum parameters of the heap depending on the category of the ground being mined, i.e., the creation of an adaptive working organ (WO) of the bulldozer, corresponding to its profile with natural trajectory of ground formation formation.
Materials and methods. As materials, different categories of soils were used, widespread in the region of Kazakhstan and the new design of the bulldozer blade, equipped with a variety of sets of knives, i.e. ordinary straight knives - for planning work and the development of I-III categories of soils; with medium protruding knives (MPK) - for the development of dense IV-V categories or with stepped knives - for the development of hard, strong soils, etc. The process of their interaction with the maximum formation of the prism of drawing the soil before the blade, using the graphic-analytical method of research, was investigated.
Outcomes. Studying the processes of interaction of WO and bulldozer knives with different categories of soils, rational designs of knives designed for the development of various categories of soils were established. The optimal parameters of the blade with the maximum set of the drawing prism before the blade are determined. Also, the blade is equipped with side knife extenders, upper visors and side bevels. The radius of curvature of the blade in the cross-section corresponds to the natural angle of chip formation of the soil layer, which allows to reduce the resistance of digging the soil.
Discussion and conclusion. Until now, scientists of the CIS and foreign countries in the field of WO ETM of the waste type have studied in detail in theoretical terms and experimentally established promising designs of WO and bulldozer knives. Numerous methods for determining the parameters of the WO of the bulldozer depending on the category of the developed soil and taking into account the traction factor of the propulsion system, etc. However, they missed the study, with the maximum set of the prism of drawing the soil in front of the blade, its area of contact from the frontal surface of the blade and at the same time, adapted in the cross-section of the blade (radius of curvature of the blade) with the natural trajectory of chip formation of the soil layer.
Taking into account these provisions, we have developed several options for the location of knives on the blade, taking into account the developed categories of soils:
- a bulldozer blade with side bevels of the frontal surface for soft (sandy) soils;
- bulldozer blade with MPK, side scarves and upper side bevels for strong, clay soils;
- bulldozer blade with side bevels and side knives-extenders for loosened soils;
- bulldozer blade with MPK, side scarves, side knives-extenders and upper bevels for densely strong soils (medium loam). For all these options (4 types of blade) blade design and knife location, it is recommended to determine the optimal parameters of the blade, taking into account the development of the soil category.

Introduction. External forces from the working implements of tractor units or road construction machines often lead to uncontrollable displacement from a given trajectory. This movement is the sum of controlled movement and uncontrolled displacement (start of moving). The lack of adequate models of displacement (start of movement) is the reason for the insufficient study of uncontrolled movement at the present time. The goal is to build a model of uncontrolled displacement under the action of an external force, which allows obtaining the maximum value of the external force, depending on its direction.
Materials and methods. The mathematical model of limiting equilibrium is built on the example of a bulldozer unit with a skewed blade. The force factors of the interaction of the mover with the soil included in the model were formed on the basis of the mathematical theory of friction. The model was improved by introducing different coefficients of adhesion in the longitudinal and transverse directions. This made it possible to take into account the anisotropy of the interaction of the propeller with the ground.
Results. The hodograph of the limiting shift force was constructed as a result of a numerical experiment. His analysis showed that the shift force is equal to the adhesion limit only in the case of translational shear. In all other cases (instantaneous rotational shear) the value of the ultimate shift force is less than the adhesion limit. Anisotropy further reduces the value of the limiting external shear force and rotates the hodograph towards the lowest friction coefficient.
Conclusion. The hodograph allows calculating the value of the limiting shear force and assessing the possibility of an uncontrolled deviation of the machine from a given trajectory. The resulting model will subsequently be used to build a control system for the operation of an unmanned vehicle, taking into account the external influence from the working tools.

Introduction. The article presents a new design of a bucket of a single bucket hydraulic excavator, which allows you to increase the performance of these machines. Increased efficiency is achieved due to the installation of buckets of larger volume without changing characteristics of hydraulic drive. The purpose of the presented work is to select the volume of the spherical ladle for the digging process. The task of research is to obtain the dependencies of ladle and soil speeds on the parameters of the digging process. Selecting the volume of the spherical ladle will determine how much it can be increased compared to the volume of the serial ladle to carry out the digging process.
Materials and methods. The process of digging a new bucket was considered in the form of a two-scale KelvinVoigt rheology model. This model was described by a system of second-order differential equations. The system solved the Cauchy problem, which made it possible to determine the general solution of the equation satisfying the two equations of the system. As a result, derivatives from ladle and soil movements were determined, which are nothing more than ladle and soil speeds.
Results. The solution of the above system made it possible to obtain dependencies of ladle speeds and soil masses on parameters of the digging process. The digging process is possible at positive speed values. When substituting depending on the process parameters under the condition of velocity positivity, you can determine the volume of the spherical ladle.
Practical significance. To simplify and put into practice the obtained dependencies, an algorithm was compiled to calculate the volume of the spherical ladle. The presented algorithm can be implemented in a computer program.

Introduction. A large number of fatalities on the roads of the Russian Federation is a significant state problem; to reduce this indicator, various target programs are being developed at the national level. To assess the achievement of the established target programs, it is necessary to perform a mathematical analysis of certain road safety indicators, which makes it possible to establish the most accurate mathematical model describing certain interrelationships of the indicators under consideration for the subsequent forecast and assessment of the achievement of the established target indicators, which will allow assessing the effectiveness certain guidelines of state policy in the area under consideration.
Methods and materials. In the research work, methods of statistical and mathematical analysis, models for determining the state of road safety at different levels - world, state and regional, depending on various parameters are used.
Results. A mathematical model for assessing road safety indicators based on the analysis of transport and social risk parameters is proposed, their low relationship is determined and the possibility of using them as independent parameters for assessing the state of road safety at the national level is established.
Conclusion. The absence of a close relationship between the indicator of social risk and motorization, measured in the number of cars per 1000 inhabitants (the value of the correlation coefficient is 0,422), was found, which allows one to judge the presence of other factors influencing the parameter under consideration.

Introduction. The change of a winter season to a summer season is accompanied by a sharp increase in accidents on the roads; at the same time, the number of accidents is directly dependent on the air temperature. The reason for this is the adverse effects of high temperatures and solar activity, which create a “steam room” effect in the car interior.
This article analyzes the thermal fields of the driver, who is in the car, in the hot season with different modes of compensation of the thermal effect. High temperatures can have a significant negative impact on the driver’s condition. This is due to the relevance of the issue under consideration.
Materials and methods. In the work, the temperature and illumination were measured using an electronic TP101 thermometer and a Megeon-21550 luxmeter. Visualization of the thermal fields of the external and internal space of the car was made using a Testo 875 thermal imager. Upon completion of the survey of thermal fields, the data was processed using specialized software.
Results. The main result of the work is the characteristic and distribution of the thermal fields of the driver, who is in the car, with an open window, with air conditioning and a climate control system in high ambient temperatures, which will allow to develop measures to improve the reliability of the driver and minimize accidents. These results represent the scientific novelty of the study.
Discussion and conclusion. The application of the results of the work will make it possible to develop recommendations for complex motor transport enterprises on the organization of their technical and operational services, taking into account temperatures in the summer

Introduction. To improve safety and reduce accidents, transport infrastructure facilities are equipped by the new additional light-signaling and lighting devices. The article discusses the electrification of transport infrastructure facilities, analyzes the options for implementing autonomous power supply of these facilities, and assesses the possibilities of using various types of generators on renewable energy sources.
Materials and methods. An experimental model of a generator based on alternative energy sources, built into a speed bump has been developed and manufactured.
Results. An assessment of the energy consumed by the light-signaling and lighting equipment of an unregulated pedestrian crossing and the electrical energy generated by an experimental model of a generator built into speed bump has been made.
Discussion and conclusions. An assessment of the efficiency of the developed generator, built into a speed bump, to provide electrical energy to the lighting equipment of an unregulated pedestrian crossing, was carried out, and the insufficient performance of the experimental sample was revealed. It is planned to solve these problems during the continuation of the study.

Introduction. An automobile vehicle consists of a large number of parts that affect traffic safety in different ways. The elements that critically affect the safety of the vehicle include automobile pneumatic tires. Their technical condition is currently being assessed visually, without the use of special equipment. This diagnostic method does not provide detection of hidden tire damage. This article describes the proposed method of diagnosing pneumatic tires of passenger cars, as well as the scheme of the stand for its implementation.
Materials and methods. Based on previous studies, it was proposed to use the static stiffness of automobile tires as a diagnostic parameter when assessing their technical condition. To implement the use of this diagnostic parameter, a new method for assessing the technical condition of tires was proposed. It consists in determining and comparing the values of the static stiffness of the tire at its various points with the average stiffness value at all measurement points. To implement this method in the laboratory, a schematic diagram of the stand was proposed.
Results. In accordance with the proposed scheme of the stand, a volumetric model of the stand was developed for the implementation of the proposed method in laboratory conditions, and the frame of the stand was made and its main elements were selected. As a converter of the rotational movements of the potentiometer handle into the electronic signal, it was decided to use the Arduino Uno R3 analog-to-digital converter. Software was also developed to automate the reading and processing of bus diagnostic results.
Discussion and conclusions. The proposed method of tire diagnostics and the stand implementing it can increase the efficiency and simplicity of assessing the technical condition of pneumatic tires of passenger cars. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.

Introduction. The article presents an analysis of scientific papers on transport behavior, transport mobility of the population and patterns of behavior of passengers (individuals). The construction of mathematical models of transport behavior based on the theory of macrosystems has scientific novelty and prospects for study and implementation in practice. An urgent task on this path is to study the nature of collective behavior resulting from the interaction of multiple motives when making a decision about a trip. At the same time, in the flows of passengers and vehicles, it is assumed that there are spatio-temporal structures that reflect transport behavior at the macro level.
Description of the problem (overview). The transport behavior of the population is studied by both foreign and domestic scientists and specialists of the transport industry, however, the depth and study of the topic does not allow us to say that there are generalized schemes, models and mathematical descriptions of passenger behavior. Very little information is available about how exactly a passenger makes a decision whether he will make a train or not, i.e. behavioral models are practically not investigated. The main directions of research of transport behavior proposed by the authors of this work are as follows: creation of a theoretical apparatus for describing “transport behavior”; development of a mathematical model of the transport system of individual movements; construction of a transport behavior management system.
Materials and methods. The article uses a general systematic approach as the main research method. Passenger behavior patterns, as well as their reaction to changes occurring in the transport system, are described using the term “pattern”. Thus, the method of pattern analysis in nonlinear dynamics is additionally applied.
Results. The definition of the concept of “pattern” of transport behavior is given. From the standpoint of the theory of transport macrosystems, a pattern can be called a set of specific states that an element (an individual, a vehicle, etc.) “chooses” at various structural levels of a transport macrosystem from a subset of acceptable ones.
Discussion and conclusions. This paper proposes a new approach to the description of transport behavior from the standpoint of various scientific disciplines, the theory of macrosystems, which lays the basis for the creation of a theory of transport behavior, which is currently absent. As a result of the research , it was obtained: 1) the formulation of the system that most fully reflects the essence of “transport behavior” is a transport system of individual movements; 2) it is shown that the construction of such a system is best done within the framework of the theory of macrosystems; 3) such a concept as a “space-time diagram” of transport behavior is proposed, its connection with the traditional term of nonlinear dynamics, such as “pattern of behavior of a nonlinear system”, is established, 4) the development of the term “graph of transport behavior” is proposed in the direction of taking into account all phases of the transport process (pre-transport, transport, post-transport), which is reflected in the space-time diagram.

Introduction. Due to the multicomponent composition, cement based concrete has a high potential for improving technical characteristics by controlling technological processes or the quality of raw materials, which makes it possible to develop composites with specified requirements for the construction of modern resource and energysaving buildings, including for the northern territories of Russia. With the transition to the micro level of the formation of the structure of cement based concretes, new opportunities open up for the directed regulation of properties. Based on this, in order to improve the quality of concrete by improving the structure of the hardened cement paste, a method was proposed for introducing modifiers into the mixture, which directly affect the new growths in the ‘cement-water’ system, which makes it possible to control the process of structure formation of the hardened cement paste.
Materials and methods. Research has been carried out using test methods set out in national standards and physical and chemical analysis: thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The results of a study of the effect of complex modifying additives (CMA) based on an aqueous solution of glyoxal and organic acids on the rheological and strength properties of hardened cement paste are presented, the regularities of the processes and the mechanism of structure formation of the modified cement paste are determined.
Results. The optimal compositions of a cement based composition based on an aqueous solution of glyoxal have been determined. On the first day of hardening of hardened cement paste with CMA, including polylactic acid and an aqueous solution of glyoxal, as well as lactic acid and an aqueous solution of glyoxal, the strength increases by 23.5%, and at 28 days of age - up to 63% compared to the control composition. Physicochemical studies found that in hardened cement paste with CMA based on an aqueous solution of glyoxal and organic acids, the density and homogeneity of the structure increases, and the content of low-basic hydrosilicates also increases.
Conclusion. The developed complex additives are recommended for use in the production of cement based concretes with the required rate of structure formation and high strength.

Introduction. The purpose of the article is to study the dependence of the deformation modulus of the soil-crushed stone layer of the road surface from the content of crushed stone in the soil-crushed stone mixture and the soil moisture in it. The goal was achieved by performing stamp tests of the models of a road clothing and a roadbed.
Materials and methods. The research was carried out by performing stamp tests of models of the roadbed and single-layer road clothes with a soil-crushed stone surface. Before the stamp tests, laboratory work were carried out to determine the parameters subject to input control for crushed stone and soil. Models of road clothes are built from crushed stone materials and soil in the tray. Tests of the roadbed and road clothes are carried out using a rigid round stamp included in the standard kit.
Results. The modules of deformation of the soil of the roadbed and road surfaces with a soil-crushed stone layer are calculated from the polynomial dependence of settlement on pressure, regulated by ПНСТ 311-2018. According to the test results, the modulus of deformation of the soil of the roadbed, and the general modulus of deformation on the surface of the soil-crushed stone layer, with different content of crushed stone by the volume of the mixture, were determined. The lowest value of the deformation modulus corresponds to the minimum content of crushed stone in the mixture, which is 40 % by volume of the mixture. The highest value of the deformation modulus was obtained at the maximum content of crushed stone in the mixture, which is 60 % by volume of the mixture. Using the general modules of deformation of different road surfaces and the modules of deformation of the soil of the roadbed, the calculation of the deformation modulus of the soil-crushed stone layer with different content of crushed stone in it is performed. To take into account the influence of moisture of the cohesive soil used in the mixture, correction coefficients are given, the values of which are established by laboratory tests. These coefficients allow us to calculate the modulus of deformation of the soil-crushed stone layer depending on the content of crushed stone and the moisture of the soil used in it.
Discussion and conclusions. As a result of experimental work, the modules of deformation of soil-crushed stone of different compositions were determined, with the help of which the design of road surfaces was carried out with the subsequent construction of experimental sites in each of the three road building climatic zones of the Omsk region.

Introduction. the article deals with the issues of the use of technological waste generated during rocks crushing.
Materials and Methods. In the research the rock crushing screenings from the Rezhevsky crushed rock plant and dolomite screenings from the Satkinsky crushed rock plant were used. The data on the physical-mechanical properties of crushing waste is presented, as well as a study of dusty rock cuttings made with a Fritsch Analysette 22 laser particle size analyser. The structure of concrete was analyzed by JEOL JSM-6510 electron microscope.
Results. The studying results of heavy weight cement concretes of classes B22.5 - B40 with crushed stone are presented in the article. To control the properties of concrete an MC-PowerFlow 3100 hyperplasticizer additive and an air-entraining additive Centrament Air 202 were used. The phase composition of the contact zone between the cement stone and the aggregate - granite screening has been investigated.
Conclusion. compositions of heavy concrete have been developed with the use of crushed stone screenings and chemical additives to regulate concrete properties. A pilot batch of reinforced concrete products was produced at the Rotor reinforced concrete plant in Vinzili, Tyumen Region.

Introduction. In the Siberian Federal Area, the abundance of clay soils sources with above-optimal moisture content significantly complicates the technology of operations, reduces the speed of work, and makes some reserves unusable. To solve these problems, the use of quicklime in preparation for quarrying of clay soils with above-optimal moisture content was considered.
The experimental studies have been carried out on the dynamics of soil drainage (lightweight dust loam) from drilling a well filled with lightweight lime (concentrated lime method). During this study, three experiments were carried out on soil masses with different initial humidity, two of which were carried out under the influence of lime and one (control) without the effect thereof.
In addition, the change in optimum humidity and maximum density of dry soil during lime injection into loamy soil (dosage from 2% to 6% by mass) was evaluated. On the basis of the results obtained and the analysis of literature sources rational distances between slots (wells) are justified when using concentrated lime action technology to drain soils with increased humidity in quarries.
Negotiations and conclusions. On the basis of the results obtained in the course of the study, it can be concluded that drying the soil with lime by the proposed concentrated method has a positive effect on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil.