Computational experiment and field study of parking area characteristics

Introduction. The relevance of this study comes from the need to substantiate quantitatively parking space planning as an element of a unified transportation system. The operational characteristics of the parking area, including occupancy, entry and exit rates, dwell times, and intervals between entries have been examined. Based on field observations, statistical patterns have been established and a simulation model has been verified. The survey of the parking area operational characteristics has been conducted, including an analysis of space occupancy, entry and exit rates, dwell times, and intervals between entries, as well as other key indicators. Observations were being made over the week in autumn, 2024.

Materials and Methods. The stationary Azimut DT photo and video recording systems have been used to conduct the field study. The obtained data was processed with the help of mathematical statistics methods, including distribution law assessment, correlation analysis, and the Kolmogorov test. To predict parking system performance the simulation model has been developed and implemented in the AnyLogicenvironment.

Results. Quantitative data has been collected by stationary photo and video surveillance systems, providing continuous monitoring of vehicle distributions in the parking lot throughout the whole research period. Key parking area performance indicators have showed a day-of-week dependence, which must be considered in planning, locating, and operating urban parking infrastructure.

The correlation analysis confirmed a functional relationship between the intensity of vehicle entry and exit within the parking area and traffic flow on the adjacent road. The obtained results have been used to develop a simulation model of the parking lot. Computational modeling data was compared with field measurements. The data obtained through the study are useful for organizing traffic flow on the urban street and road network, for zoning and de signing the urban area, and can serve as a basis for developing and evaluating urban planning and architectural solutions.

Average values of entry and exit rates and intervals between them have been obtained (6.7–14.5 min). The hypothesis of an exponential distribution of intervals has been rejected. The hypothesis of a Poisson flow for short intervals (2 min) is consistent with the data. A linear correlation between entry/exit rates and traffic flow rates on the adjacent road has been identified and approximated (R = 0.81-0.86). A comparison of the actual and simulated curves according to the Chebyshev norm revealed a discrepancy of 0.0058 - 0.0891.

Discussion and Conclusions. The functional dependence of parking area parameters on external traffic has been confirmed. The developed simulation model reproduces the functioning of the parking area adequately. The results can be recommended for urban planning and organization of parking areas like under consideration. However, the developed methodology can be extended to other parking infrastructure facilities to ensure the rational use of urban resources and to improve the transportation system.

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