Masonry mortars made from crushed ceramic brick waste: enhancing efficiency based on the law of structural affinity

Introduction. An important task is the effective utilization of industrial waste, particularly crushed ceramic brick (CCB), in the production of construction materials, which allows to solve environmental problems and to improve the economic efficiency of technological processes simultaneously. Сrushed ceramic brick is a waste left annually in volumes of 15–20 million tons in Russia, it possesses promising physical and mechanical properties that enables its use as secondary raw material for producing high-quality masonry mortars. This is particularly relevant in devel oping technologies for the restoration of damaged buildings and structures in Luhansk, Donetsk and other regions of Russia. The development of such mortars is especially relevant within the framework of the “law of structural affinity” proposed by Belgorod Technological University, since using materials with similar composition and structure ensures enhanced adhesion, long service life, and improved operational performance characteristics of masonry structures based on crushed ceramic brick.

Purpose of the study. The aim of the research is to develop and substantiate the application of masonry mortars with the use of fine-dispersed filler derived from crushed ceramic brick, ensuring improved operational properties in the construction of wall structures. To achieve this goal, the tasks of studying the filler influence on the physical-me chanical and adhesive properties of mortars, analyzing their hardening kinetics, evaluating deformation character istics, and investigating the microstructure of the contact zone with various wall materials, have been performed.

Materials and methods. Experimental studies have been conducted in the laboratories of the Department of Construction Material Science of Products and Structures, and the analysis of the research literature has been carried out at the scientific and technical library of Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. The work has been executed with the use of standard testing methods, as well as in accordance with operating instruc tions for the employed instruments and equipment.

Conclusion. The study confirmed that the application of finely ground ceramic brick as a filler in masonry mortars significantly enhances their adhesion due to structural compatibility with ceramic wall materials, in accordance with the law of structural affinity.

1. Lesovik V.S., Belentsov Yu.A., Kuprina A.A. The use of Geonics in the design of structures for operation under dynamic and seismic loads. Izvestiya vuzov. Construction. 2013; No. 2-3 (650-651). pp. 121126. ISSN 1997-0935. (in Russ.)

2. Ma Ziming Tang, Qin Wu, Huixia Xu, Jianguang Liang, Chao. Mechanical properties and water absorption of cement composites with various fineness and contents of waste brick powder from C&D waste. Cement and Concrete Composites. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103758

3. Hu J., Ahmed W., Jiao D. A Critical Review of the Technical Characteristics of Recycled Brick Powder and Its Influence on Concrete Properties. Buildings 2024; 14, 3691. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113691

4. Lesovik V.S., Zagorodnyuk L.Kh., Chulko- va I.L., Tolstoy A.D., Volodchenko A.A. Affinity of structures as a theoretical basis for designing composites of the future. Construction materials. 2015; No. 9. (in Russ.)

5. Lesovik V.S. Geonics (geomimetics). Examples of implementation in building materials science. 2nd edition, expanded. Belgorod : Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov, 2016. 287 p. ISBN 978-5-361-00354-9. EDN WOAVYD. (in Russ.)

6. Kuprina A.A., Lesovik V.S., Zagorod- nyk L.H., Elistratkin M.Y. Anisotropy of Materials Properties of Natural and Man-Triggered Origin. Research Journal of Applied Sciences. 2014. Vol. 9, No. 11. P. 816–819. ISSN 1816-949X. https://doi.org/10.3923/rjasci.2014.816.819

7. Baruzdin A.A., Zakrevskaya L.V., Nikolae- va K.A. Composite material based on man-made waste. Expert: theory and practice. 2023. No. 2 (21). pp. 78-84. ISSN 2687-071X. (in Russ.)

8. Gołaszewska Małgorzata, Gołaszewski Jacek, Bochen, Jerzy, Cygan, Grzegorz. Comparative Study of Effects of Air-Entraining Plasticizing Admixture and Lime on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Masonry Mortars and Plasters. Materials. 2022; 15. 2583. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15072583

9. Ohemeng Eric Ababio, Ekolu Stephen, Quainoo Harry, Naghizadeh Abdolhossein. Economical and eco-friendly masonry mortar containing waste concrete powder as a supplementary cementitious material. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01527

10. Lesovik V.S., Ahmed A.A., Fediuk R.S., Kozlenko B., Mugahed Amran Y.H., Alaskhanov A.Kh., Asaad M.A., Murali G., Uvarov V.A. Performance investigation of demolition wastes-based concrete composites. Magazine of Civil Engineering. 2021; 106(6). Article No. 10608. https://doi.org/10.34910/MCE.106.8

11. Zagorodnyuk L.Kh., Ryzhikh V.D., Makhor- tov D.S., Sinebok D.A. Features of the formation of the microstructure of granular aggregates on various binder compositions (PART 3). Bulletin of the BSTU named after V. G. Shukhov. 2021. №9. (in Russ.)

12. Suleymanova L.A., Esipov S.M., Se D. Resistance of masonry from cellular concrete blocks on polyurethane glue to central compression. Bulletin of Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. 2024. No. 7. pp. 35-42. ISSN 2312-818X. (in Russ.) https://doi.org/10.34031/2071-7318-2024-9-7-35-42

13. Zagorodnyuk L.Kh., Lesovik V.S., Voro- nov V.V., Chulkova I.L., Kuprina A.A., Pavlenko O.A. Features of hardening of building mortars based on dry mixtures. Bulletin of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. 2016; No.10:33-39. (in Russ.)

14. Kopanitsa N.O., Demyanenko O.V., Kulikova A.A., Tkach E.V., Shestakov N.I., Stepina I.V. Secondary resources in the production of composite building materials based on cement. Proceedings of Tomsk Polytechnic University. Georesource engineering. 2023; Vol. 334(10):112-121. ISSN 2413-1830. (in Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2023/10/2675

15. Baruzdin A.A., Zakrevskaya L.V. Composite materials based on construction and polymer waste.Bulletin of MGSU. 2024; Vol. 19(2):205-214. ISSN 2304-6600. (in Russ.)

16. Lesovik V.S., Zagorodnyuk L.Kh., Baba- ev Z.K., Jumaniyazov Z.B. Ceramic road bricks for paving sidewalks in the Aral Sea region. Glass and ceramics. 2023; No. 2 (1142):53-60. ISSN 0369-7139. (in Russ.) https://doi.org/10.47612/0369-7139-2023-2-53-60

17. Makhorov D.S., Zagorodnyuk L.H., Sumskoy D.A., Al Mamuri Saad Khalil Shadid. Obtaining binding compositions of optimal compositions based on Portland cement and waste from the battle of ceramic bricks. Bulletin of the BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. 2022; No. 7:45-52. (in Russ.)

18. Tokarev V.A., Kabalin M.D., Grishchenko M.S., Vysotskaya M.A. Retsikling vtorichnogo syr’ya dlya izgotovleniya melkoshhtuchnykh betonnykh izdeliy v dorozhnom stroitel’stve. Obzor [Recycling secondary raw materials for the production of small concrete products in road construction. Review]. Vestnik MGSU, 2025; no. 6. (in Russ.)

19. Kuzmin E.O., Nelyubova V.V., Volodchen- ko A.N. The predicted strength of cement stone with the addition of nanodispersed silica. Bulletin of the Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov. 2024; No. 10:17-24. ISSN 2312-818X. URL: https://vestnik.bstu.ru / (date of access: /05/2025). (in Russ.)

20. Babaev Z.K., Masharipova Sh.M. Ceramic brick waste as a raw material for the production of restoration materials of architectural monuments. Eastern-European Scientific Journal. 2020; No. 4-2 (56): 88-95. (in Russ.)