Improving energy efficiency of hybrid traction drive control for three-axle all-terrain vehicles with mountable electric rear axle drive

Introduction. The mountable third-axel module equipped with an electric drive, proposed by G.O. Kotiev in RU218304U1 patent, allows for a significant increase in the load capacity of a two-axel all-terrain vehicle (ATV) while preserving its mobility and requiring no major changes to the standard design. While the integration of hybrid transmissions in vehicles has enabled more efficient energy consumption, their use in vehicles for small-scale mechanization, such as all-terrain vehicles, has not been sufficiently investigated. Current approaches do not take into account the design features and operating conditions of vehicles for small-scale mechanization. This paper examines methods to control a hybrid powertrain of an ATV with electric third-axle drive.

Materials and methods. This paper uses simulation modeling to determine the most efficient approach to drive control when driving on hard surfaces with varying unevenness characteristics. To summarize, analyze energy costs, and compare the efficiency of a thermal and electric engine, a new criterion was proposed. This criterion links the energy density of the battery and the mass fuel consumption. As a result, it allows for an evaluation based on the mass of fuel consumed and the conventional mass of the battery discharged. This criterion is relevant for ATVs due to their limited load capacity. To reduce wheel slippage losses, an algorithm based on an indirect method for estimating vertical reaction was proposed. This method allows for estimating vertical reaction and adjusting the torque applied to the wheels without the use of force sensors.

Results. An analysis of scientific literature on the rational management of hybrid powertrains and individual drives was conducted. A mathematical model of ATV movement over uneven surfaces was created, taking into account fuel consumption and battery discharge. Algorithms for setting parameters and improving efficiency were proposed, including the use of a new evaluation criterion.

Discussions and Conclusion. The study established the limits of the supporting base roughness characteristics for two approaches to settings application and demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed algorithms for improving efficiency, which makes it possible to develop a comprehensive control mechanism for ATVs with hybrid power plant.

Practical significance. The practical value of this research stems from the implementation of the proposed efficient control strategies for a newly designed hybrid ATV driving on roads with various roughness types for transport manufacturing enterprises.

Originality. The study of the vehicle under consideration lies at the intersection of several research fields. The first area involves studying the movement of vehicles with parallel hybrid transmission in urban conditions, where road irregularities are not taken into account. The second field focuses on the off-road movement of self-propelled vehicles. The results obtained make it possible to transform this duality into efficient control mechanism to design vehicles for small-scale mechanization.

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