Evaluation of the effectiveness of road milling tools based on granulometric analysis of the ground material

Introduction. Milling asphalt concrete pavements, energy is spent on the destruction of the stone fraction, bitumi­nous bonds, as well as other factors that, taken together, do not affect the emergence of new surfaces The objective of the research is to develop and conduct a preliminary evaluation of a method for indirect determination of the efficiency of milling tools based on energy consumption analysis.

Materials and methods. Two sets of asphalt concrete granulate of type B grade 2, obtained by cold milling of coatings are used in this study. Identical milling drums with different schemes of arrangement of cutting elements were used for comparison. The use of 3D scanning technology allowed to obtain polygonal models of particles and to quantify the change in the surface area of the material during milling. For fractions not subjected to scanning, the surface parameters were determined through regression equations based on experimental data. The study was based on an energy approach that links energy consumption with the formation of new surfaces during the destruc­tion of an asphalt concrete composite.

Results. The main part of the energy (up to 99%) during milling is spent on breaking the bitumen bonds, rather than the stone fraction. A comparison of two milling drums showed that one of the two designs is 19.25% more energy efficient due to the arrangement of the cutting elements. The developed 3D scanning and granulometric analysis methodology confirmed the versatility of assessing milling processes and also identified the key factors of energy consumption: the thickness of the shavings (direct relationship), material temperature (inverse relationship), and equipment design. At the same time, the dependences for estimating the specific surfaces of stone fractions were refined, and the dependences for determining the specific surfaces of asphalt concrete granulate were obtained.

Discussion and conclusions. The obtained results make it possible to conduct the estimation of the energy consumed when removing worn layers of asphalt concrete pavements. At the same time, the developed method demonstrates accuracy and efficiency in comparison with calculation methods. This allows us to recommend this method not only for evaluation energy consumption in the process of asphalt concrete milling, but also for the milling process of other solid materials.

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