On possible petrol ignition on М1, М1G car catalyst converters surface
https://doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2023-20-5-618-631
EDN: TZEKJM
Abstract
Introduction. Forensic fire and technical examination of a car is of high demand, and at the same time it is one of the most complicated examinations, because of its complicated nature and need in involvement of experts of various specialties. The design of automobiles and their components is continually improving. In this connection the methodological base of fire and technical examination should be duly adapted to present-day requirement. The safety requirements for prevention of fuel ignitions in a motor cabinet of a car have been analyzed during the research.
Materials and Methods. Under the conditions of an accredited laboratory specializing in testing automobile fuels and oils, we have carried out the experiments in ignition of K4-class petrol being fed in drops and stream-like fed on a hot surface. We have also undertaken the experimental studies in order to find out an actual temperature of elements of engine exhaust systems of М1 and М1G automobiles of various models under the actual operating conditions. A thermal imaging camera and a thermocouple have been used to measure the surface temperature of the engine exhaust system parts. An elemental composition of a film formed on a hot steel surface upon contact with petrol has been determined with the use of a scanning electron microscope
Results. We have received the actual results on the temperature of the elements of light car exhaust systems under the various operating conditions. There are the results of experiments on the discharge of the petrol in the form of drops and stream on a hot surface presented in the article. An elemental composition of a film formed on a hot steel surface upon contact with petrol has been analyzed, and secondariness of film formation towards the fire cause has been proved.
Conclusion. The results of the research could be used in the conduct of fire and technical examination of vehicles of М1 and М1G categories, what could increase reliability and validity of its conclusions.
About the Authors
A. I. Nedobitkov
East Kazakhstan Technical University
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Cand. of Sci., Senior scientist of the Excellence Research Center at D. Serikbayev East Kazakhstan Technical University
Ust-Kamenogorsk
V. S. Yakovlev
East Kazakhstan Technical University
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Chief Technical Specialist of the Scientific and Production Center for automotive fuels and oils certification testing (NPTs SATiM)
Ust-Kamenogorsk
References
1. Pasovets В. Н., Kovtun В. А., Tagiev Sh. Sh.(2022) Fire on vehicles: causes of their appearence, Journal of Civil Protection. 2022; 6(2): 228–238. (In Russ.) doi: 10.33408/2519-237X.2022.6-2.228.
2. Zhang D. L., et al. Study on vehicle fire safety: Statistic, investigation methods and experimental analysis. Safety Science. 2019; 117:194–204 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2019.03.030
3. Khodadadizadeh A., Jahangiri K., Khorasani Zavareh D., Vazirinejad R. Epidemiology of Vehicle Fire Fatalities of Road Traffic Injuries in Kerman Province, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019 Jun 30; 7.
4. Kharchenko I. V., Geraskin M. Yu., Shekov A. A. Ispol’zovanie metoda zonirovanija termicheskih povrezhdenij dlja ustanovlenija ochaga pozhara v avtotransportnyh sredstvah [The use of the method of zoning thermal damage to establish the seat of fire in the moto vehicle]. Vestnik Vostochno-Sibirskogo instituta MVD Rossii / Vestnik of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. 2022; 3 (102): 241–252. (in Russ.) DOI: 10.55001/23123184.2022.11.75.021.
5. Dorsz A., Lewandowski M. Analysis of Fire Hazards Associated with the Operation of Electric Vehicles in Enclosed Structures. Energies. 2022; 15(1):11. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15010011
6. Gudym V. et al. The effect of short circuits and flame temperature modes on the change in the microstructure of copper in automotive wiring. Engineering Failure Analysis 136 (2022) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2022.106198
7. Brzezinska D., Ollesz R., and Bryant. P. Design car fire size based on fire statistics and experimental data, Fire and Materials. 2020; 44:1099–1107, https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2913, 2020.
8. Hui Zhu, Yunji Gao, Haidong Guo. Experimental investigation of burning behavior of a running vehicle Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2020; Volume 22 22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2020.100795
9. Park Y., Ryu J., Ryou H.S. Experimental Study on the Fire-Spreading Characteristics and Heat Release Rates of Burning Vehicles Using a Large-Scale Calorimeter. Energies. 2019; 12(8):1465. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081465
10. Hyeongho Choi, Lee Eui-Pyeong Analysis of a Fire in a Parked Camping Car. Korean Soc. Hazard Mitig 2019; J. 19(1): 217-223. https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2019.19.1.217
11. Dayan Li, Guoqing Zhu, Hui Zhu, Zhichao Yu, Yunji Gao and Xiaohui Jiang. Flame Spread and Smoke Temperature of Full-Scale Fire Test of Car Fire. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. Volume 10: 315-324 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2017.08.001
12. Xiao-hui Jiang et al. Full-scale Experimental Study of Fire Spread Behavior of Cars. Procedia Engineering. 2018; 211: 297–305.
13. Lee, Eui-Pyeong. Analysis of a Car Fire Caused by a Fuel Leakage from the Common Rail. J. Korean Soc. Hazard Mitig. 2018; vol.18: pp. 4. https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2018.18.4.225
14. Kruger S., Hofmann A., Berger A. et al., 2016. Investigation of smoke gases and temperatures during car firelarge-scale and small-scale tests and numerical investigations. Fire and Materials. 40(6): 785-799.
15. Okamoto K., Otake T., Miyamoto H., Honma M., and Watanabe N. Burning behavior of minivan passenger cars. Fire Safety Journal. 2013; 62: 272–280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.07.001.
16. Okamoto K., Watanabe N., Hagimoto Y., Chigira T., Masano R., Miura H., Ochiai S., Satoh H., Tamura Y., Hayano K., Maeda Y., and Suzuki J. Burning behavior of sedan passenger cars. Fire Safety Journal.2009; 44: 301-310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.07.001.
17. Xioa-hui J., Guo-qing Z., Hui Z. and Dayan L. Full-scale experimental study to fire spread behawior of cars. Procedia Engineering. 2018; 211: 297-305.
18. Ferrone C. W. Commercial vehicle fire, cause and origin analysis (Mechanical, electrical and forensic methods), in: 2nd int. conf., Fires in Vehicles, Chicago, USA, 2012: 83–93.
19. Cheshko I. D., Skodtayev S. V. Teplyakova T. D. Classification of emergency fire-hazardous operations of electric networks of cars and the scheme of identifying their trails after the fire. Problemy upravleniya riskami v tekhnosfere [Problems of technosphere risk management]. 2019; 1 (64):107-115. (In Russ.)
20. Johnsson E. L., Yang J. C. Experimental study on hardening a motorcoach against tire fire penetration. Fire Mater. 2016;40(3):416-426. https://doi.org/10.1002/fam.2295.
21. Motorygin Yu. D., Sikorova G. A. A comprehensive method for studying the degree of thermal damage to steel elements of vehicles using field methods. Tekhnologii tekhnosfernoj bezopasnosti [Technology of technosphere safety]. 2021; 3 (93):137-151. (in Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25257/TTS.2021.3.93.137-151.
22. Lozhkin V. N. Theory and practice of diagnostics of fire hazardous modes of operation of catalytic converters. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost [Fire and Explosion Safety]. 2022;31(3):65-74. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.22227/0869-7493.2022.31.03.65-74.
23. Voroshilov R. F., Murashkevich E. A. Investigation of a car damaged by fire after exposure to the heat of a fire during depressurization of the fuel system. Sibirskiy pozharno-spasatel’nyy vestnik/ Siberian Fire and Rescue Bulletin. 2020; 18 (3):38-41. (In Russ.) doi: 10.34987/vestnik.sibpsa.2020.18.3.006
24. Nedobitkov A. I., Abdeev B. M. Assessment of bearing capacity of pole connection of lead-acid storage battery terminal. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost [Fire and Explosion Safety]. 2023; 32(2):18-32. DOI: 10.22227/0869-7493.2023.32.02.18-32 (in Russ.)
25. Kisulenko B.V. Assessment of the risks of causing harm to automotive equipment for the purpose of technical regulation. Standarty i kachestvo [Standards and quality]. 2007: 6. 80-82(in Russ.)
26. Babrauskas V. Ignition of Gases, Vapors, and Liquids by Hot Surfaces. Fire Technol. 2022; 58, 281– 310 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10694-021-01144-8
27. Vysokomornaya O. V., Strizhak P. A. Ignition of liquid fuel when spreading over a substrate heated to high temperatures. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost / Fire and Explosion Safety. 2012; 21(4):17-22. (in Russ.)
28. Strizhak P. A Numerical analysis of the possibility of ignition of a liquid fuel film on a substrate heated to high temperatures. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost / Fire and Explosion Safety. 2012; 21(3):25-30. (in Russ.)
29. Taubkin I. S. On Improvement of the Quality of Forensic Fire Investigations. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2019. Vol. 14. No. 4. P. 98 –116. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2019-14-498-116.
30. Cheshko I. D., Printseva M. Yu., Teplyakova T. D. Alternative to thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis in the study and examination of fires. Problemy upravleniya riskami v tekhnosfere / Problems of risk management in the technosphere. 2022; 3 (63): 95 – 103. (In Russ.)
31. Taubkin I. S. On the Special Conceptual Framework for the Fire Forensics. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2020. Vol. 15. No. 3. P. 76–88. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-20203-76-88
32. Adams, Jesse Filmore, Minimum Hot Surface Ignition Temperature Diagnostics Including Infrared Imagery (2015). Open Access Theses.1043.https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/open_access_theses/1043
33. Boyarshinov M.G., Kuznetsov N.I. Thermal Regime of Automobile Exhaust System at Low Temperature. World of Transport and Transportation. 2019;17(4):48-67. https://doi.org/10.30932/1992-32522019-17-48-67
34. Fournier, E. and Bayne, T., Underhood Temperature Measurements of Four Vehicles, Prepared for Motor Vehicle Fire Research Institute, by Biokinetics and Associates, Ltd., Report R04-13, September 2004. www.mvfri.org
35. Worsztynowicz B., Uhrynski A. The analysis of heating process of catalytic converter using thermo-vision. Combustion Engines. 2015. 162 (3), 41-51. ISSN 2300-9896.
36. Merati P. Davis C. Chen K.H. Johnson J.P. Underhood Buoyancy Driven Flow – An Experimental Study. J. Heat Transf. 2011, 133, 1–9.
37. Y Y Xie et al 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 562 012056 DOI 10.1088/1757-899X/562/1/012056
38. Abduragimov I. M. Limiting phenomena in combustion as a scientific and theoretical basis for fire and explosion safety. Pozharovzryvobezopasnost / Fire and Explosion Safety. 2012;21(11):18-26. (In Russ.)
39. Aminev F.G., Zamyatin S.A. Specific Methodological Approach for Establishing and Verifying Cause in Forensic Examination. Theory and Practice of Forensic Science. 2023. Vol. 18. No. 2. P. 45–53. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.30764/1819-2785-2023-2-45-53
Review
For citations:
Nedobitkov A.I., Yakovlev V.S. On possible petrol ignition on М1, М1G car catalyst converters surface. The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2023;20(5):618-631. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2023-20-5-618-631. EDN: TZEKJM
Views:
459
Email this article 