Образование и влияние сажи на моторные масла

Введение. В процессе сгорания дизельного топлива в дизельном двигателе при повышенной подаче топлива в результате его неполного сгорания образуются частицы сажи, которые либо выбрасываются в атмосферу, либо попадают в моторное масло. Сажа, загрязняя моторное масло, вызывает изменение его показателей качества. Сажа представляет собой очень мелкие частицы, образующиеся по сложному механизму реакции в пламени богатой топливом области при сжигании углеводородов в отсутствие воздуха, в основном состоящие из смеси аморфного углерода и органического вещества.

Материалы и методы. В данной работе приведены результаты литературного обзора, направленного на изучение путей возникновения сажи при эксплуатации дизельных двигателей , ее влияния на поверхности пар трения и узлов двигателя, также обсуждаются механические свойства дизельной сажи. Выводы. Содержание сажи в моторном масле резко возрастет в двигателях с рециркуляцией отработавших газов, что приводит к повышению температуры в зонах трения и вязкости смазочного материала, а также к образованию отложений на горячих деталях. Эти процессы происходят по причине разряжения в картерном пространстве и интенсификации поступления газов из камеры сгорания. Интервалы замены масла необходимо контролировать при повышенной интенсивности поступления сажи в моторное масло.

Рамки исследования/возможности. Такого вида исследование поможет определить причины возникновения сажи в дизельном двигателе, понять последствия использования загрязненного частицами сажи моторного масла.

Оригинальность/ценность. Проведенное исследование может являться основой для разработки рекомендаций по совершенствованию технического обслуживания двигателей внутреннего сгорания для предприятий, имеющих в своем распоряжении автомобили с дизельными двигателями с целью увеличения ресурса силовых агрегатов и сокращения эксплуатационных затрат.

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