Stability of bucket movement and directionof movement of the continuous unit to form the underlying layer of the road
https://doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-4-364-376
Abstract
Introduction. The unit of continuous action for the formation of the underlying layer is designed to increase labor productivity in the construction of roads and other objects, for the construction of which it is necessary to remove the upper layer of soil. The working bodies of the unit are buckets that cut and transport soil. To balance these forces and moments in the transverse-vertical plane, relative to the direction of movement of the buckets, support bars with support hydraulic cylinders are used. To create and regulate the pressure in the support hydraulic cylinders, two hydraulic pneumatic accumulators for controlling the supporting strips are installed on the power device. Part of the forces and moments through the supporting strips, support hydraulic cylinders, the frame of the working part of the unit is transmitted to the energy device that serves to drive the unit. During the operation of the unit, the resistance of the soil to cutting changes continuously. Therefore, the forces and moments transmitted to the energy device change. During operation, the stability of the rectilinear course of the unit is necessary. To ensure the stability of the movement of buckets and the direction of movement of the unit, you should first consider the process of filling the buckets with soil.
The method of research. On the basis of the constructive layout, the number of buckets filled with soil was revealed. Suppose the filling of buckets with soil occurs gradually and evenly. Hence, an increase in the load on the right and left support bar was revealed by each subsequent bucket as it is filled. By adding the vertical forces, the value and position of the total load on the supporting bars are determined. The resistance to the movement of the left and right wheels of the working part of the unit, due to the load from the buckets to the supporting strips, the gravity of the raised soil, the gravity of the working part of the unit, is determined. The total horizontal force, the impact of soil on the buckets, directed along the course of the unit, was revealed. The method of calculating the position of the thrust vector of the energy device is given.
Results. On the basis of the developed technique, the diameters of the support hydraulic cylinders and the nominal pressure in the hydraulic pneumatic accumulators of the control of the right and left support strips were determined. A constructive layout of the hinged energy device and a system for automatic adjustment of the position of the thrust vector of the energy device depending on the properties of the developed soil is proposed.
Conclusion. On the basis of theoretical studies, the diameters of the support hydraulic cylinders and the nominal pressure in the hydraulic pneumatic accumulators of the control of the right and left support strips were calculated. An example of calculating the position of the thrust vector of an energy device is given. The constructive arrangement of the system of automatic adjustment of the position of the thrust vector of the energy device depending on the properties of the developed soil and the general layout of the energy device is proposed. The conducted theoretical studies allow to ensure the stability of the movement of buckets and the direction of movement of the continuous unit for the formation of the underlying layer of roads.
About the Author
V. A. NikolaevRussian Federation
Vladimir A. Nikolaev, Dr. of Sci., Professor of the Construction and Road Machines Department
Yaroslavl, Moscow Avenue, 88
References
1. Karasyev G.N. Opredelenie sily rezaniya grunta s uchyotom uprugih deformacij pri razrushenii [Determination of the cutting force of the soil, taking into account elastic deformations during destruction] Construction and road machinery, 2008. 4: 36-42. (In Russian)
2. Karnaukhov A.I.. Orlovskiy S.N Opredelenie zatrat udel’noj energii na process rezaniya lesnyh pochv torcevymi frezam [Determination of the cost of specific energy for the process of cutting forest soils with end mills]. Construction and road machinery, 2010. 1: 20-22. (In Russian)
3. Kravets I.M. Opredelenie kriticheskoj glubiny rezaniya pri kombinirovannom rezanii gruntov gidrofrezo [Determination of the critical cutting depth for combined cutting of soils with a hydrophreeze]. Construction and road machinery, 2010. 5: 47-49. (In Russian)
4. Kirillov F.F. Determinirovannaya matematicheskaya model’ vremennogo raspredeleniya tyagovogo usiliya dlya mnogorezcovyh rabochih organov zemlerojnyh mashin[Deterministic mathematical model of the time distribution of traction force for multi-cutter working bodies of earthmoving machines]. Construction and road machinery, 2010. 11: 44-48. (In Russian)
5. Berestov E.I. Vliyanie treniya grunta po poverhnosti nozha na soprotivlenie rezaniyu[Effect of soil friction on the knife surface on the cutting resistance]. Construction and road machinery, 2010. 11: 34-38. (In Russian)
6. Vershinin A.V., Subov V.S., Tyulnev A.M. Povyshenie effektivnosti diskofrezernyh rabochih mekhanizmov dlya razrabotki myorzlyh gruntov [Improving the efficiency of disc-milling working mechanisms for the development of frozen soils]. Construction and road machinery, 2012. 8: 42-44. (In Russian)
7. Balovnev V.I., Nguen Z.SH. Opredelenie soprotivlenij pri razrabotke gruntov ryhlitelem po integral’nomu pokazatelyu prochnosti [Determination of resistances in the development of soils with a ripper according to the integral strength index]. Construction and road machines, 2005. 3: 38-40. (In Russian)
8. Ryabets N., Kurzhner F. Weakening of frozen soils by means of ultra-high frequency energy. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2003. 36: 115-128.
9. Liu X., Liu P. Experimental research on the compressive fracture toughness of wing fracture of frozen soil. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2011. 65: 421-428.
10. Talalay P.G. Subglacial till and Bedrock drilling. Cold Regions Science and Technology. 2013. 86: 142-166.
11. Sun X. ACT-timely experimental study on meso-scopic damage development of frozen soil under triaxial shearing. Rock and Soil Mechanics. 2005. 8: 150-163.
12. Li Q. Development of Frozen Soil Model. Advances in Earth Science. 2006. 12: 96-103.
13. Atkinson J. The Mechanics of Soils and Foundations. CRC. Press. 2007: 448.
14. Balovnev V.I., Danilov R.G., Ulitich O.YU. Issledovanie upravlyaemyh nozhevyh sistem zemlerojno-transportnyh mashin [Research of controlled knife systems of earthmoving and transport machines]. Construction and road vehicles, 2017. 2: 12-15.
15. Nilov V.A., Fyodorov E.V. Razrabotka grunta skreperom v usloviyah svobodnogo rezaniya [Development of the soil with a scraper in the conditions of free cutting]. Construction and road machines, 2016. 2: 7-10.
16. CHmil’ V.P. Nasosno-akkumulyativnyj privod ryhlitelya s avtomaticheskim vyborom ugla rezaniya [Pump-accumulator drive of the ripper with automatic selection of the cutting angle]. Construction and road machines, 2016. 11: 18-20.
17. Kabashev R.A., Turgumbaev S.D. Eksperimental’nye issledovaniya processa kopaniya gruntov rotorno-diskovymi rabochimi organami pod gidrostaticheskim davleniem [Experimental studies of the process of soil digging by rotary-disk working bodies under hydrostatic pressure]. The The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal, 2016. 4: 23-28. (In Russian)
18. Syomkin D.S. O vliyanii skorosti rabochego organa na silu soprotivleniya rezaniyu grunta [On the influence of the speed of the working body on the strength of the resistance to cutting the soil]. The The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2017. 1: 37-43. (In Russian)
19. Konstantinov YU.V. Metodika raschyota soprotivleniya i momenta soprotivleniya rezaniyu pochvy pryamym plastinchatym nozhom frezy [Method of calculating the resistance and moment of resistance to cutting the soil with a straight plate cutter knife]. Tractors and agricultural machines, 2019. 5: 31-39. (In Russian)
20. Syromyatnikov YU.N., Hramov I.S., Vojnash S.A. Gibkij element v sostave rabochih organov rotornoj pochvoobrabatyvayushchej ryhlitel’no-separiruyushchej mashiny [Flexible element in the composition of the working bodies of the rotary tillage loosening and separating machine]. Tractors and agricultural machines, 2018. 5: 32-39. (In Russian)
21. Parhomenko G.G., Parhomenko S.G. Silovoj analiz mekhanizmov peremeshcheniya rabochih organov pochvoobrabatyvayushchih mashin po zadannoj traektorii [Power analysis of the mechanisms of movement of working bodies of tillage machines along a given trajectory]. Tractors and agricultural machines, 2018. 1: 47-54. (In Russian)
22. Dranyaev S.B., CHatkin M.N., Koryavin S.M. Modelirovanie raboty vintovogo G-obraznogo nozha pochvoobrabatyvayushchej frezy [Simulation of the operation of a screw L-shaped knife of a tillage cutter]. Tractors and agricultural machines, 2017. 7: 13-19. (In Russian)
23. Nikolayev V.A. Opredelenie skorosti cepej i razmerov plasta grunta, otrezaemogo kovshom agregata dlya udaleniya verhnego sloya grunta s podstilayushchego sloya avtodorogi [Determination of the speed of the chains and the size of the soil layer cut by the bucket of the unit to remove the top layer of soil from the underlying layer of the road]. The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal, 2020. 1:. 32-43. (In Russian)
24. Nikolayev V.A. Analiz vzaimodejstviya kromki lezviya konsol’nogo nozha s gruntom [Analysis of the interaction of the edge of the cantilever knife blade with the ground]. The The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal, 2020. 2: 172-181. (In Russian)
25. Nikolaev V.A. Zatraty jenergii na rezanie grunta kovshami agregata nepreryvnogo dejstvija dlja formirovanija podstilajushhego sloja avtodorogi [Energy Expenditure on ground cutting by buckets of the unit of continuous action to form the underlying layer of the road]. The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal, 2020. 6: 676-688. (In Russian)
Review
For citations:
Nikolaev V.A. Stability of bucket movement and directionof movement of the continuous unit to form the underlying layer of the road. The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2021;18(4):364-376. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-4-364-376