Оptimization of the chrome plating bath operation during the restoration of vehicle parts

Introduction. In the process of chrome plating of car parts, there is a change in the composition of the chrome plating bath, which affects the stability of the ongoing processes – the performance and quality of the chrome coating. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly monitor the chrome plating bath for the presence of foreign elements that can be formed during the operation of the bath during the reaction of the solution with the anode or cathode.
Materials and methods. During the research, the necessary equipment was used, which made it possible to determine with sufficient accuracy the content of trivalent chromium and its effect on the electrolysis process – the performance and quality of chrome coatings. A well-known technique was used to determine the quality and performance.
Results. When conducting studies of the obtained cold self-regulating chromium plating electrolyte, it was found that trivalent chromium has a significant effect on the stability of the chromium plating bath. The content of which can vary within 2...25 g/l during operation. As a result, it was found that the optimal amount of trivalent chromium is its content in the chromium plating bath from 2 to 15 g/l. With a lower or higher content, the electrolysis performance and the quality of the chrome coating decrease. It was also found that in order to maintain the optimal amount of trivalent chromium and increase the time for stable operation of the chromium bath, it is necessary to observe the ratio of the area of the anode and cathode (the coated surface of the part), the value of which is within 3...4.
Discussion and conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, it will make it possible, under certain conditions, to carry out the process of chromium deposition from a cold self-regulating electrolyte, which will allow for stable chromium deposition at high productivity and the necessary quality of the coatings obtained. The main condition is to control and maintain the amount of trivalent chromium in the chromium plating electrolyte in the bath.

1. Kotomchin A.N., Sinel’nikov A.F., Kornejchuk N.I. K voprosu vybora sposoba vosstanovlenija detalej mashin [To the question of choosing a method for restoring machine parts ] // The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2020. 17(1): 84-97.

2. Fomichev V.T., Sadovnikova V.V., Moskvicheva E.V. Legirovanie jelektroliticheskogo hroma molibdenom v jelektrolite, soderzhashhem organicheskie dobavki [Alloying of electrolytic chromium with molybdenum in an electrolyte containing organic additives] // Gal’vanotehnika i obrabotka poverhnosti. 1992. vol. 1. no. 3. pp. 44-46.

3. Tkachenko I.D. i dr. Usovershenstvovanie tehnologii hromirovanija s primeneniem neorganicheskih i organicheskih kompozicij [Improvement of chrome plating technology with the use of inorganic and organic compositions ] // Razrabotka i primenenie tverdyh metallicheskih pokrytij. Dnepropetrovsk: 1981: 223-224.

4. Kotomchin A.N., Sinel’nikov A.F., Kornejchuk N.I. Sravnitel’naja harakteristika jelektrolitov hromirovanija dlja vosstanovlenija i uprochnenija detalej mashin. [Comparative characteristics of chrome plating electrolytes for the restoration and hardening of machine parts] // VINITI «Transport: nauka, tehnika», Nauchno-informacionnyj sbornik, upravlenie». 2020. 7: 50-55

5. Newby Kenneth, R. Functional chromium plating // Metal Finish. 2004. 102(4A): 188-198.

6. Kotomchin A.N., Sinel’nikov A.F., Kornejchuk N.I. Ispol’zovanie iznosostojkogo hromirovanija pri vosstanovlenii i uprochnenii detalej avtomobilej [The use of wear-resistant chrome plating in the restoration and strengthening of car parts] // Nauchnyj recenziruemyj zhurnal “Vestnik MADI”. 2021. 1 (64): 11-17.

7. Kotomchin A.N., Sinel’nikov A.F., Kornejchuk N.I. Intensifikacija processa jelektroliticheskogo hromirovanija pri vosstanovlenii i uprochnenii detalej mashin [Intensification of the process of electrolytic chrome plating during restoration and hardening of machine parts] // Mir transporta i tehnologicheskih mashin. 2020. 3 (70): 22-32.

8. Elinek T.V. Uspehi gal’vanotehniki. Obzor mirovoj special’noj literatury za 2017–2018 gody [Advances in electroplating. World literature review for 2017-2018 ] // Gal’vanotehnika i obrabotka poverhnosti. 2019. 27. (3): 4-14.

9. Edigarjan A.A., Polukarov Ju.M. Jelektroosazhdenie hroma i ego splavov iz sul’fatnyh rastvorov Sg (III) [Electrodeposition of chromium and its alloys from SG (III) sulphate solutions)] // Gal’vanotehnika i obrabotka poverhnosti. 2001. 9(3): 17-18.

10. Maksimenko S.A., Balakina O.A. Jelektroosazhdenie hromovyh pokrytij iz jelektrolitov na osnove hroma (3) i murav’inoj kisloty [Electrodeposition of chromium coatings from electrolytes based on chromium (3) and formic acid] // Gal’vanotehnika i obrabotka poverhnosti. 1992. 1( 3-4): pp. 47-50.

11. Petrov Ju.N., Kornejchuk N.I. i dr. Progressivnye sposoby vosstanovlenija detalej mashin i povyshenija ih prochnosti [Progressive ways to restore machine parts and increase their strength] // Mezhvuzovskij sbornik nauchnyh trudov. Kishinjov: Kishinevskij sel’skohozjajstvennyj institut im. M.V. Frunze, 1979: 48-51.

12. Kudrjavcev V.N., Vinokurov E.G., Kuznecov V.V. Tolstoslojnoe hromirovanie iz jelektrolitov na osnove sernokislogo hroma [Thick-layer chromium plating from electrolytes based on chromium sulfate] // Gal’vanotehnika i obrabotka poverhnosti. 1998. 6(1): 24-30.

13. Solodkova L.N., Vashhenko S.V., Kudrjavce V.N. Vysokoproizvoditel’nyj jelektrolit iznosostojkogo hromirovanija [High-performance wear-resistant chrome-plated electrolyte] // Gal’vanotehnika i obrabotka poverhnosti. 2003. 11(3): 31-33.

14. Baraldi P., Soragni E. On the kinetics of chromium electrodeposition on copper electrodes // J. Alloys and Compounds. 2001. 317-318: 612-618.

15. Kotomchin A.N., Sinel’nikov A.F. Ustanovka dlja podderzhanija rabochej temperatury jelektrolitov pri vosstanovlenii detalej mashin gal’vanicheskimi pokrytijami [Anlage zur Aufrechterhaltung der Betriebstemperatur der Elektrolyte bei der Reparatur von Maschinenteilen mit galvanischen Beschichtungen], The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2020. 17(4): 500-511.

16. Petrochenkova I.V., Pomogaev V.M., Volkovich A.V. Osobennosti vlijanija temperatury na rasseivajushhuju sposobnost’ jelektrolitov [Features of temperature influence on the scattering capacity of electrolytes] // SB. nauchnyh trudov: Uspehi v himii i himicheskoj tehnologii. Novomoskovsk: NI RHTU, 2004: 44-51.

17. Chromabscheidung aus wassrigen Losungen. Aufbau des Kathodenfilms Galvanotechnik. 2006. 12 (11): 2888-2896.

18. Bolch T., Linde R. u.a. Innovative Oberflachenstrukturen durch elektrochemische Beschichtungsverfahren // Galvanotechnik. 2005. 103: 2095- 2100.

19. Chromabscheidung aus wassrigen Losungen. Chromsaurelosungen Galvanotechnik. 2005. 9(1): 2063-2071.

20. Kornejchuk N.I., Kovbasjuk A.V. i dr. Vlijanie koncentracii trehvalentnyh soedinenij hroma na nekotorye parametry holodnogo hromirovanija [Influence of concentration of trivalent chromium compounds on some parameters of cold chrome plating] // Trudy Kishinevskogo SHI. 1975. 144: 17-23.

21. Adzhiev, B.U., Vashhenko S.V., Solov’eva Z.A. Vlijanie struktury i fiziko-mehanicheskih svojstv hroma na iznosostojkost’ hromovyh pokrytij [Influence of the structure and physical and mechanical properties of chromium on the wear resistance of chrome coatings] // Gal’vanotehnika i obrabotka poverhnosti. 1992. 1(1): 28-31.

22. Solodkova L.N., Solov’eva Z.A. Issledovanie plenki na katode pri jelektrovosstanovlenii hromovoj kisloty [Investigation of the film on the cathode during the electric recovery of chromic acid] // Jelektrohimija. 1994. 30. (10): 1254-1256.

23. Shluger M.A., Tok L.D. Novye jelektrolity dlja pokrytij hromom i ego splavami [New electrolytes for chromium and its alloys coatings] // Zhurnal Vsesojuznogo himicheskogo obshhestva im. D.I. Mendeleeva. 1988. vol. 32. no. 3. pp. 297-305.

24. Zorin, V.A., Shtefan Ju.V., Timchenko M.I. Planirovanie jeksperimentov pri sozdanii detalej iz kompozicionnyh materialov [Planning experiments when creating parts from composite materials] // Mehanizacija stroitel’stva. 2018. 79(4): 5-13.

25. Galdina V.D., Chernogorodova M.S. Podbor sostavov aktivirovannyh mineral’nyh poroshkov s ispol’zovaniem metoda planirovanija jeksperimenta [Selection of activated mineral powder compositions using the experiment planning method] // The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2017. 2(54): 90-98

26. Vitjaz’ P.A., Zhilinskij O.V., Laktjushina T.V. Komp’juternaja metodologija vybora tehnicheski op-timal’nogo varianta v mnogokriterial’nyh zadachah proektirovanija materialov [Computer methodology for selecting the technically optimal option in multi-criteria problems of material design] // Fizicheskaja mezome-hanika. Tomsk. 2004. T. 7. Spec. vypusk. Ch. 1: 3-11.27.

27. Gorbunov I.P., Gorbunov D.I. Matematicheskoe modelirovanie processa diffuzionnogo hromirovanija stali. [Mathematical modeling of the process of diffusion chrome plating of steel] // Teorija i praktika proizvodstva listovogo prokata. Sbornik nauchnyh trudov. Chast’ 2. Lipeck: LGTU, 2008: 68-72.