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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibadi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный рецензируемый журнал "Вестник СибАДИ"</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-7296</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5626</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Siberian State Automobile and Highway University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26518/2071-7296-2025-22-6-986-998</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">WFXWJF</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibadi-2123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРАНСПОРТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Трехфазная теория транспортных потоков Б. Кернера и ее сравнение с классическими двухфазными теориями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Kerner’s three-phase theory of traffic flows and its comparison with classical two-phase theories</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6579-436X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бордуков</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bordukov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бордуков Антон Викторович – аспирант кафедры «Транспортно-технологические машины и процессы»</p><p>300012, г. Тула, просп. Ленина, д. 92 </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bordukov Anton V. – Postgraduate Student, Department of Transport and Technological Machines and Processes</p><p>92 Lenin Ave., Tula, 300012 </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">av.bordukov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тульский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tula State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>986</fpage><lpage>998</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Бордуков А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бордуков А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Bordukov A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.sibadi.org/jour/article/view/2123">https://vestnik.sibadi.org/jour/article/view/2123</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. В данной публикации проводится сравнительный анализ двухфазной и трехфазной теорий транспортных потоков. Рассматриваются ключевые отличия между этими теориями, их применимость к реальным транспортным системам, а также фазовые переходы, учитываемые моделями теорий. Основное внимание уделяется эмпирическим данным и моделированию сложных динамических явлений на дорогах. В статье подчеркивается научная новизна трехфазной теории Б. Кернера, ее преимущества в прогнозировании заторов и управлении транспортными потоками.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. В исследовании рассмотрены и проанализированы классические теории транспортного потока, включая двухфазные модели, основанные на фундаментальной диаграмме, и трехфазная теория транспортного потока, разработанная Б. Кернером. Основное внимание уделялось теоретическим аспектам, сравнительному анализу и интерпретации ключевых положений этих теорий. Исследование базировалось на анализе научной литературы. Основными источниками информации служили рецензируемые статьи, опубликованные в ведущих научных журналах по транспортной тематике, монографии, посвященные теории транспортных потоков и их применению в управлении движением, доклады и материалы международных конференций, а также иные источники, охватывающие как классические подходы, так и современные тенденции в моделировании транспортных потоков.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Сделан сравнительный анализ общей двухфазной теории транспортного потока и трехфазной теории транспортного потока Б. Кернера. В двухфазной теории, базирующейся на фундаментальной диаграмме трафика, основными фазами являются свободный и плотный потоки. Эти фазы описываются через взаимосвязь между плотностью, потоком и скоростью движения автомобилей. Фазовый переход в двухфазной теории возникает из-за превышения критической плотности транспортных средств. Трехфазная теория описывает несколько фундаментальных свойств фазовых переходов: от свободного к синхронизированному, от синхронизированного к широким кластерам, а также обратные переходы и их различные варианты.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. Основные результаты исследования заключаются в детализированном сравнении двух теорий, что позволяет выявить критические аспекты и потенциальные направления их дальнейшего развития. В частности, было показано, что трехфазная теория Кернера обладает более широкими возможностями для описания метастабильных состояний и сложных переходов между фазами, что делает ее предпочтительной для анализа транспортных потоков в условиях современных мегаполисов.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. This publication provides a comparative analysis of two-phase and three-phase theories of traffic flows. It considers the key differences between these theories and their applicability to real transport systems as well as the phase transitions taken into account by the theories’ models. The main focus is made on empirical data and modeling complex dynamic phenomena on roads. The article highlights the scientific novelty of Kerner’s threephase theory and its advantages in congestion forecasting and managing traffic flows.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study examines and analyses classical theories of traffic flow, including two-phase models based on the fundamental diagram and the three-phase theory of traffic developed by B. Kerner. Main attention is paid to theoretical aspects, comparative analysis, and interpretation of key provisions of these theories. Study is based on analysis of scientific literature. The main sources of information have been peer-reviewed articles published in leading scientific journals on transport, monographs devoted to the traffic flow theory and its application in traffic management, reports and materials of the international conferences, and other sources covering both classic approaches and current trends in traffic flow modeling.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. A comparative analysis of the general two-phase theory of traffic flow and Kerner’s three-phase traffic flow theory has been made. In two-phase model, based on the fundamental traffic diagram, the main phases are free flow and dense flows. These phases are characterized by the relationship between density, flow, and vehicle speed. In two-phase model the phase transition occurs when the critical vehicle density is exceeded. The threephase model describes several fundamental properties of phase transitions: from free flow to synchronized flow, from synchronized flow to wide clusters and reverse transitions and their variants.</p><p>Discussion and conclusion. The main results of the study include a detailed comparison between two theories, allowing us to identify critical aspects and potential directions for further development. Specifically, it has been shown that Kerner’s three-phase model offers greater capabilities for describing metastable states and complex transitions between phases, making it more suitable for analyzing traffic flows in modern megacities.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>двухфазная теория</kwd><kwd>трехфазная теория</kwd><kwd>фундаментальная диаграмма</kwd><kwd>фазовая диаграмма</kwd><kwd>транспортные потоки</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование заторов</kwd><kwd>Б. Кернер</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>two-phase theory</kwd><kwd>three-phase theory</kwd><kwd>fundamental diagram</kwd><kwd>phase diagram</kwd><kwd>traffic flows</kwd><kwd>congestion forecasting</kwd><kwd>B. Kerner</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Цзянг Х. Моделирование передвижения транспортных средств на основе макроскопической фундаментальной диаграммы транспортного потока / Х. Цзянг // T-Comm: Телекоммуникации и транспорт. 2022. Т. 16, № 2:С. 22-28. Https://doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2022-16-2-22-28. EDN HXVITR.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jiang H.Modelirovaniye peredvizheniya transportnykh sredstv na osnove makroskopicheskoy fundamental’noy diagrammy transportnogo potoka. KH. TSzyang. T-Comm: Telekommunikatsii i transport. 2022; T.16(2): 22-28. Https://doi.org/10.36724/2072-8735-2022-16-2-22-28. EDN HXVITR. 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