<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibadi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный рецензируемый журнал "Вестник СибАДИ"</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-7296</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5626</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Siberian State Automobile and Highway University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26518/2071-7296-2025-22-4-644-671</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">PAXCJU</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibadi-2061</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО И АРХИТЕКТУРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ методов расчета слабых оснований дорожных насыпей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of calculation methods for weak foundations of road embankments</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2009-5361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александров</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrov</surname><given-names>A. S..</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александров Анатолий Сергеевич – канд. техн. наук, доц., доц. кафедры «Строительство и эксплуатация дорог» института «Автомобильно-дорожное, промышленное и гражданское строительство»</p><p>644080, г. Омск, просп. Мира, 5</p><p>Researcher ID: I-8860-2018</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57191531014</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandrov Anatoly S. – Cand. of Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Road Construction and Maintenance, Civil Engineering In</p><p>5, Prospect Mira, Omsk, 644080</p><p>Researcher ID: I-8860-2018</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57191531014</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aleksandrov00@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5534-6338</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Александрова</surname><given-names>Н. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aleksandrova</surname><given-names>N. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александрова Наталья Павловна – канд. техн. наук, доц., доц. кафедры «Строительство и эксплуатация дорог» института «Автомобильно-дорожное, промышленное и гражданское строительство»</p><p>644080,г. Омск, просп. Мира, 5</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57191525817</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandrova Nataliya P. – Cand. of Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Road Construction and Operation, Civil Engineering Institute</p><p>5, Prospect Mira, Omsk, 644080</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57191525817</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">nata26.74@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1921-8531</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Семенова</surname><given-names>Т. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Semenova</surname><given-names>T. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Семенова Татьяна Викторовна – канд. техн. наук, доц., доц. кафедры «Строительство и эксплуатация дорог» института «Автомобильно-дорожное, промышленное и гражданскоестроительство»</p><p>644080, г. Омск, просп. Мира, 5</p><p>Author ID (Scopus): 57793795915</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Semenova Tatiana V. – Cand. of Sci. (Eng.), Associate Professor of the Department of Road Construction and Maintenance, Civil Engineering Institute</p><p>5, Prospect Mira, Omsk, 644080</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sibadisemenova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Сибирский государственный автомобильно-дорожный университет (СибАДИ)<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">The Siberian State Automobile and Highway University (SibADI)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>644</fpage><lpage>671</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Александров А.С., Александрова Н.П., Семенова Т.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Александров А.С., Александрова Н.П., Семенова Т.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Aleksandrov A.S., Aleksandrova N.P., Semenova T.V.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.sibadi.org/jour/article/view/2061">https://vestnik.sibadi.org/jour/article/view/2061</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Приведены сведения об авариях, произошедших на дорогах РФ, США, КНР, Кипра, Индии, из-за недостаточного сопротивления сдвигу слабых грунтов основания насыпи. Поэтому приобретает актуальность анализ методов расчета устойчивости слабых оснований дорожных насыпей.Методы и материалы. Известные методы определения предельных нагрузок подразделяются на расчеты: по первой критической нагрузке, аналитические и численные решения теории предельного равновесия грунта и расчеты, выполняемые методом конечных элементов. Сделан анализ каждого метода. Особое внимание уделено решению Евгеньева – Казарновского. Это решение является общепринятым методом расчета слабого основания насыпей автомобильных дорог. Авторами показан вывод формул для расчета коэффициента стабильности слабого основания и безопасного давления. Отмечены до- стоинства и недостатки этого метода. Рассмотрена специфика метода конечных элементов, применяемого для расчета грунтовых оснований. Приведены недостатки программных комплексов PLAXIS и MIDAS, обнаруженные специалистами СГУПС (г. Новосибирск).Результаты. Предложен расчет устойчивости основания насыпи по напряжению сдвига, представляющего собой эквивалентное напряжение критерия Мора – Кулона. Предлагаемый расчет является аналогом расчета по первой критической нагрузке.Заключение. Полученные результаты позволяют выполнять расчет слабых оснований насыпей. Поставлены задачи для будущих исследований авторов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The article presents information on accidents that occurred on the roads of the Russian Federation, the USA, China, Cyprus, and India due to insufficient shear resistance of weak soils at the base of the embankment. Therefore, the analysis of methods for calculating the stability of weak foundations of road embankments becomes relevant.Materials and methods. The famous methods for determining ultimate loads are divided into calculations: by the first critical load, analytical and numerical solutions of the theory of limit equilibrium of soil, and calculations performed by the finite element method. Each method has been analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the solution of Evgenyev - Kazarnovskiy. This solution is considered to be a generally accepted method for calculating the weak foundation of highway embankments. The authors have demonstrated the derivation of formulas for calculating the stability coefficient of the weak foundation and safe pressure. The advantages and disadvantages of this method have been noted. The specific features of the finite element method applied to calculate soil foundations have been considered. The disadvantages of the PLAXIS and MIDAS software packages, found by the specialists of the Siberian State Transport University (Novosibirsk), have been presented.Results. The calculation of the embankment base stability by shear stress, which is the equivalent to the stress of the Mohr-Coulomb criterion, has been presented. The proposed calculation is the analogue of the calculation by the first critical load.Conclusion. The obtained results allow us to make weak embankment bases calculations. The goals for the authors’ future research have been set.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>слабое основание насыпи</kwd><kwd>расчет слабого основания</kwd><kwd>параметры сопротивления сдвигу</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>weak embankment base</kwd><kwd>weak base calculation</kwd><kwd>shear resistance parameters</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ellithy G.S., Stark T.D. Case Study: Unsaturated Embankment Failure on Soft Soils. // J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 2020, 146(12): 05020011.https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002382</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ellithy G.S., Stark T.D. Case Study: Unsaturated Embankment Failure on Soft Soils. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 2020. 146 (12): 05020011. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943–5606.0002382</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">DebasisR., RaghvendraS. Failure of Two High Embankments at Soft Soil Sites. //6thInternational Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering: 2008, Paper No 8.06b. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3828(2008)22:6(373)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Debasis R., Raghvendra S. Failure of Two High Embankments at Soft Soil Sites. Proc. 6th International Conference on Case Histories in Geotechnical Engineering: 2008: 8.06b. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887–3828(2008)22:6(373)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hadjigeorgiou J., Kyriakou E., Papanastasiou P. A Road Embankment Failure Near Pentalia in Southwest Cyprus // In: Int. Symp. Stab. Rock Slopes Open Pit Min. Civ. Eng.The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Cape Town, 2006, pp 343–352.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hadjigeorgiou J., Kyriakou E., Papanastasiou P. A Road Embankment Failure Near Pentalia in Southwest Cyprus./ In: Int. Symp. Stab. Rock Slopes Open Pit Min. Civ. Eng.The South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Cape Town. 2006: 343–352.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gu S., Liu W., Ge M. Failure and Remediation of an Embankment on Rigid Column-Improved Soft Soil: Case Study //Hindawi, Advances in Civil Engineering, Volume 2020, Article ID 2637651.https://doi.org 10.1155/2020/2637651</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gu S., Liu W., Ge M. Failure and Remediation of an Embankment on Rigid Column-Improved Soft Soil: Case Study. Hindawi, Advances in Civil Engineering. 2020: 2637651. DOI: https://doi.org10.1155/2020/2637651</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Барвашов В.А., Болдырев Г. Г., Уткин М.М. Расчет осадок и кренов сооружений с учетом неопределенности свойств грунтовых оснований // Геотехника. 2016. № 1. С. 12–29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barvashov V.A., Boldyrev G.G., Utkin M.M. Calculation of settlements and tilts of engineering structures taking into account uncertainty of foundation soil properties. Geotechnics, 2016. 1: 4–21. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богомолов А.Н., Богомолова О.А., Ушаков А.Н. Два подхода к определению областей пластических деформаций в однородном основании ленточного фундамента // ConstructionandGeotechnics. 2021. Т. 12, № 3. С. 105–116. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2021.3.11</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogomolov A.N., Bogomolova O.A., Ushakov A.N. Two approaches for determining areas of plastic deformation in a homogeneous base foundation. Construction and Geotechnics. 2021. 12 (3): 105–116. (In Russ.). https://do:10.15593/2224-9826/2021.3.11</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бартоломей Л.А., Богомолова О.А., Гейдт В.Д., Гейдт А.В. Сопоставление величин расчетного сопротивления грунтового основания ленточного фундамента, полученных разными методами // Вестник Волгоградского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета. Серия: Строительство и архитектура. 2023. Вып. 3–4(92). С. 5–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartolomey L.A., Bogomolova O.A., Geidt V.D., Geidt A.V. Comparison of the values of the calculated resistance of the soil base of the ribbon foundation obtained by different methods. Bulletin of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Series: Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2023. 3-4 (92): 5–14. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буй Ч.Ш. Длительная устойчивость водонасыщенных оснований насыпей // Вестник МГСУ. 2006. № 1. С. 61–38.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bui T.S. Long-term stability of water-saturated embankment bases. MGSU Bulletin. 2006. 1: 61–68. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богомолов А.Н., Ушаков А.Н., Богомолова О.А. Напряженно-деформированное состояние упругой полуплоскости при действии нагрузок, распределенных по полосе // Вестник ВолгГАСУ. Сер.: Стр-во и архит. 2010. Вып. 20 (39). С. 5–20.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogomolov A.N., Ushakov A.N., Bogomolova O.A. Stress-strain state of elastic half-plane action for the loads distributed over the band. Bulletin of the Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. 2010. 20 (39): 5–20. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богомолов А.Н., Богомолова О.А., Богомолов С.А. Решение смешанной задачи теории упругости и теории пластичности для однородного основания и его сопоставление с экспериментальными данными // Известия вузов. Строительство. 2024. №4. С. 5–22.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogomolov A.N., Bogomolova O.A., Bogomolov S.A. Solution of the mixed problem of the theory of elasticity and the theory of soil plasticity for a homogeneous base and its comparision with experimental data. News of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction. 2024. (4): 5–22. (In Russ.) DOI: https://doi.org/10.32683/0536-1052-2024-784-4-5-22</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Богомолова О.А., Жиделев А.В. Расчет устойчивости системы «основание – насыпь» // Constructionand Geotechnics. 2021. Т. 12, № 4. С. 19–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2021.4.02</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogomolova O.A., Zhidelev A.V. Calculation of the “base – embankment” system stability. Construction and Geotechnics. 2021. 12 (4): 19–36. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2021.4.02</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Тер-Мартиросян З.Г., Сидоров В.В., Олодо Т.Д. Напряженно-деформированное состояние дамбы и ее основания с учетом их взаимодействия // Инженерная геология. 2011. № 6. С. 30–34.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ter-Martirosian Z.G., Sidorov V.V., Olodo T.D. The stress-strain state of the dam and its base, taking into account their interaction. Engineering geology. 2011. 6: 30–34.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hoek E., Brown E.T. Practical estimates of rock mass strength // Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 1997. Vol. 34. No. 8. Pp. 1165–1186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hoek E., Brown E.T. Practical estimates of rock mass strength. Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 1997. 34 (8): 1165–186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Li Bin, et al. Modification of linear regression method for rock shear strength parameters under triaxial condition // Rock and Soil Mechanics. 2022. 43(10). Pp. 2689−2697. https: //doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2022.5637</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">LI Bin, et al. Modification of linear regression method for rock shear strength parameters under triaxial condition. Rock and Soil Mechanics. 2022. 43 (10): 2689–2697. DOI: https: //doi.org/10.16285/j.rsm.2022.5637</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jitsangiam P., et al. A new mechanistic framework for evaluation of cyclic behaviour of unsaturated unbound granular materials. // International Journal of GEOMATE 13(39) (2017). Pp. 111–123. https: //doi.org/10.21660/2017.39.95681</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jitsangiam P., et al. A new mechanistic framework for evaluation of cyclic behaviour of unsaturated unbound granular materials. International Journal of GEOMATE. 2017. 13 (39): 111–123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21660/2017.39.95681</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yawei li., et al. Mechanical properties of intact rock and fractures in welded tuff from Newberry volcano // Proceedings, Thirty-Seventh Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University, Stanford, California, January 30 - February 1, 2012. SGP–TR–191.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yawei li., et al. Mechanical properties of intact rock and fractures in welded tuff from Newberry volcano. Proceedings, Thirty - Seventh Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering Stanford University. Stanford. California. January 30 - February 1. 2012. SGP–TR–191.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Строкова Л.А. Учет переуплотнения грунтов в расчетах оседания земной поверхности при сооружении туннелей // Известия Томского политехнического университета. 2010. Т. 316, № 1. С. 147–151.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Strokova L.A. The effect of over consolidation ratio of soils for design a surface settlements due to tunneling. News of Tomsk Polytechnic University. 2010. 316 (2): 35–37. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жабко А.В. Теория расчета устойчивости откосов и оснований. Анализ, характеристика и классификация существующих методов расчета устойчивости откосов // Известия Уральского государственного горного университета. 2015. № 4. С. 45–57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhabko A.V. The theory of calculating the stability of slopes and foundations. Analysis, characteristics and classification of existing methods for calculating the stability of slopes. Izvestiya of the Ural State Mining University. 2015. 40 (4): 45–57. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малышев М.В. О линиях скольжения и траекториях перемещения частиц в сыпучей среде // Основания, фундаменты и механика грунтов. 1971. № 6. С. 1–5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Malyshev M.V. On sliding lines and trajectories of particle movement in a loose medium. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.1971. 6: 1–5. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Караулов А.М., Королев К.В., Шохирев М.В. Оценка несущей способности двухслойных грунтовых оснований // Известия вузов. Строительство. 2020. № 11. С. 18–27.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karaulov A.M., Korolev K.V., Shokhirev M.V. Estimation of bearing ability the two-layer earth bases. News of higher educational institutions. Construction. 2020. 11: 18–27. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шохирев М.В., Караулов А.М., Королев К.В. Расчет несущей способности двухслойного грунтового основания для наклонной нагрузки //Основания, фундаменты и механика грунтов. 2023. № 6. С. 2–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shohirev M.V., Karaulov A.M., Korolev K.V. Calculation of the bearing capacity of a two-layer soil base under an inclined load. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. 2023. 6: 2–6. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шохирев М.В. К методике расчета несущей способности двухслойных оснований // Вестник Сибирского государственного университета путей сообщения. 2022. № 3. С. 57–66.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shokhirev M. V. Additions to the method of calculating the load-bearing capacity of two-layer foundations. The Siberian Transport University Bulletin. 2022. 62: 57–66. (In Russ.). DOI: https://doi.org/10.52170/1815- 9265_2022_62_57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Королев К. В. Канонические уравнения статики сыпучей среды при малом влиянии удельного веса грунта и решение задачи Прандтля // Основания, фундаменты и механика грунтов. 2012. № 5. С. 2–6.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korolev K.V. Canonical equations o statics in loose medium with a little effect of specific weight of soil and solution of the Prandtl problem. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. 2012. 5: 2–6. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Караулов А.М., Королев К.В., Кузнецов А.О. К оценке несущей способности грунтовых оснований. // Основания, фундаменты и механика грунтов. 2022. № 2. С. 2–8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karaulov A.M., Korolev K.V., Kuznetsov A.O. On the assessment of the bearing capacity of soil bases. Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. 2022. 2: 2–8. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шашенко А.Н., Смирнов А.В., Хозяйкина Н.В. Оценка начального поля напряжений при проектировании подземных выработок // Горный информационно-аналитический бюллетень. 2017. № 12. С. 37–49.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shashenko A.N., Smirnov A.V, Khozyaykina N.V. Initial stress field estimation in underground mine planning. Gornyy informatsionno - analiticheskiy byulleten’. 2017. 12: 37–49. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Каспарьян Э.В., Федотова Ю.В., Кузнецов Н.Н. Развитие представлений о естественном напряженном состоянии массивов скальных пород // Вестник Кольского РАН научного центра. 2019. №3(11). С. 65–79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kasparyan E.V., Fedotova I.V., Kuznetcov N.N. Development of Conceptions about the Natural Stress State of Hard Rock Massifs. Herald of the Kola Science Centre of RAS. 2019. 3 (11): 65–79. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
