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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sibadi</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Научный рецензируемый журнал "Вестник СибАДИ"</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-7296</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2658-5626</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Siberian State Automobile and Highway University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.26518/2071-7296-2023-20-1-52-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">sibadi-1594</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТРАНСПОРТ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TRANSPORT</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Постановка задач «О равновесиях (равновесных состояниях)» транспортных систем города</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Equilibria (equilibrium states) problem statement for city transport systems</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7903-139X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Агуреев</surname><given-names>И. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Agureev</surname><given-names>I. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Агуреев Игорь Евгеньевич – д-р техн. наук, доц., заведующий кафедрой «Автомобили и автомобильное хозяйство»</p><p>г. Тула</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor E. Agureev – Dr of Sci., Associate Professor, Head of the of the Motor Transport and Motor Industry Department</p><p>Tula</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">agureev-igor@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8016-9655</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ахромешин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akhromeshin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ахромешин Андрей Владимирович – канд. техн. наук, доц. кафедры «Автомобили и автомобильное хозяйство»</p><p>г. Тула</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Akhromeshin – Cand. of Sci., Associate Professor, the Motor Transport and Motor Industry Department</p><p>Tula</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aakhromeshin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0380-8147</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пышный</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pyshnyi</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Пышный Владислав Александрович – канд. техн. наук, доц. кафедры «Автомобили и автомобильное хозяйство»</p><p>г. Тула</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladislav A. Pyshnyi – Cand. of Sci., Associate Professor, the Motor Transport and Motor Industry Department</p><p>Tula</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vladislav.pyshnyi@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тульский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tula State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>20</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Агуреев И.Е., Ахромешин А.В., Пышный В.А., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Агуреев И.Е., Ахромешин А.В., Пышный В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Agureev I.E., Akhromeshin A.V., Pyshnyi V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.sibadi.org/jour/article/view/1594">https://vestnik.sibadi.org/jour/article/view/1594</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. В статье сформулированы постановки задач о равновесных состояниях в модели обобщенной транспортной системы города, состоящей из улично-дорожной сети, центров массового тяготения, мест проживания людей, транспортных средств, а также самих участников дорожного движения, в том числе и пассажиров. Решение этих задач позволяет выявлять равновесные распределения элементов системы по различным подмножествам состояний (подмножество элементов улично-дорожной сети, подмножество центров массового тяготения, подмножество поездок определенного типа и т.д.), зависящие от типа транспортного средства, индивидуальных предпочтений, знаний о состоянии транспортной системы и других факторов.При этом транспортная система рассматриваетсякак объект исследований в рамках теории макросистем. Набор постановок задач о поиске равновесных состояний транспортной системы для различных объектов моделирования составлен для различных структурных уровней (масштабов) рассматриваемых объектов.Материалы и методы. В настоящей работе применяется теория транспортных макросистем, которая вытекает из известной научной дисциплины – теории макросистем. Среди ее задач имеются постановки о распределении элементов по подмножествам состояний и задачи о равновесии системы в целом. В макроскопических системах по определению стохастическое поведение большого числа элементов преобразуется в детерминированное поведение системы в целом. Макросистема является динамическим преобразователем хаотического поведения элементов в некоторое множество параметров поведения (фазовых переменных), образующих пространство небольшой размерности. Поэтому в рамках теории макросистем используются базовые понятия максимизации энтропии при равновесных состояниях системы. При этом функция распределения макросостояний выбирается в зависимости от способа заполнения элементами некоторых состояний из соответствующих подмножеств; необходимые значения априорных вероятностей и доказательства параметрических свойств моделей макросистем с различными статистиками (Ферми-, Эйнштейн- и Больцман-распределения). На основе теории макросистем решаются, например, задачи для поиска равновесия в таких системах, как: 1) мегаполис с его функциональной и пространственной структурами (вероятностные состояния иерархических систем); 2) транспортные сети городов, образованные перемещениями транспортных средств и жителей города между различными районами (распределение поездок по маршрутам в сети);3) логистические системы при межрегиональном обмене продукцией (задачи экономического равновесия при обмене ресурсов).Результаты. В работе представлены результаты исследований, касающиеся единообразного описания элементов улично-дорожной сети и центров массового тяготениякак компонентов общей транспортной системы города (агломерации) в рамках теории транспортных макросистем. При этом в исследовании выделяются различные структурные уровни описания, которые могут использоваться для решения частных задач, например, о поиске равновесия в отдельных подмножествах транспортной системы, таких как группы центров массового тяготения определённого типа, или транспортные потоки на маршрутах, перегонах, участках сети и т.п.Обсуждение и заключение. В рамках работы решены следующие задачи: разработано описание структурных уровней объектов улично-дорожной сети и центров массового тяготения как основных компонентов модели транспортных систем; разработаны постановки задач о равновесных состояниях транспортных систем на соответствующих структурных уровнях; выполнен анализ полученной методики; установлена методическая аналогия между различными подмножествами состояний на одном и том же структурном уровне, например, между центрами массового тяготения и элементами улично-дорожной сети как объектов моделирования методами теории макросистем (эта аналогия может быть распространена и на другие подмножества состояний в транспортных системах, например, на виды транспортных систем, цели поездок, парковочные пространства, подсистемы интеллектуальной транспортной системы и многое другое).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The article formulates the problems statement about equilibrium states in the model of a generalized transport system of the city, consisting of a street and road network, centers of mass gravity, places of residence of people, vehicles, as well as road users themselves, including passengers. The solution of these problems makes it possible to identify the equilibrium distributions of the system elements over various subsets of states (a subset of the elements of the road network; a subset of the center of mass gravity; a subset of trips of a certain type, etc.), depending on the type of vehicle, individual preferences, knowledge about the state of the transport system and other factors.At the same time, the transport system is considered as an object of research within the framework of the theory of macrosystems. A set of problems statements on the search for equilibrium states of the transport system for various modelling objects has been compiled for various structural levels (scales) of the objects under consideration.Materials and methods. In this paper, the theory of transport macrosystems is applied, which follows from a wellknown scientific discipline - the theory of macrosystems. Among its tasks there are statements about the distribution of elements over subsets of states and problems about the equilibrium of the system as a whole. In macroscopic systems, by definition, the stochastic behavior of a large number of elements transforms the deterministic behavior of the system as a whole. A macro system is thus a dynamic converter of the chaotic behavior of elements into a certain set of behavior parameters (phase variables) forming a space of small dimension. Therefore, within the framework of the theory of macrosystems, the basic concepts of entropy maximization at equilibrium states of the system are used. In this case, the distribution function of macrostates is selected depending on the method of filling some states with elements from the corresponding subsets; the necessary values of a priori probabilities and proofs of parametric properties of models of macrosystems with various statistics (Fermi-, Einstein- and Boltzmann-distributions). On the basis of the theory of macrosystems, for example, problems are solved to find equilibrium in such systems as: 1) megapolis with its functional and spatial structures (probabilistic states of hierarchical systems), 2) transport networks of cities formed by the movement of vehicles and residents of the city between different areas (distribution of trips along routes in the network); 3) logistics systems in the interregional exchange of products (problems of economic equilibrium in the exchange of resources).Results. The paper presents the results of research concerning the uniform description of the elements of the road network and the centers of mass gravity as components of the general transport system of the city (agglomeration) in the framework of the theory of transport macrosystems. At the same time, the study identifies various structural levels of description that can be used to solve particular problems, for example, finding equilibrium in individual subsets of the transport system, such as groups of centers of mass gravity of a certain type, or traffic flows on routes, stretches, network sections, etc.Discussion and conclusions. Within the framework of the work, the following tasks were solved: a description of the structural levels of the objects of the road network and the centers of mass gravity as the main components of the model of transport systems was developed; the formulation of problems about the equilibrium states of transport systems at the corresponding structural levels was developed; the analysis of the obtained methodology was performed; a methodological analogy is established between different subsets of states at the same structural level, for example, between the centers of mass gravity and elements of the road network as objects of modeling by methods of the theory of macrosystems (this analogy can be extended to other subsets of states in transport systems, for example, types of transport systems, travel purposes, parking spaces, subsystems of the intelligent transport system and much more).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>теория макросистем</kwd><kwd>улично-дорожная сеть</kwd><kwd>центр массового тяготения</kwd><kwd>транспортная система</kwd><kwd>подмножество состояний</kwd><kwd>равновесные состояния</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>theory of macrosystems</kwd><kwd>street and road network</kwd><kwd>center of mass gravity</kwd><kwd>transport system</kwd><kwd>subset of states</kwd><kwd>equilibrium states</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wilson A. 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