sibadiНаучный рецензируемый журнал "Вестник СибАДИ"The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal2071-72962658-5626The Siberian State Automobile and Highway University10.26518/2071-7296-2022-19-5-680-691sibadi-1536Research ArticleТРАНСПОРТTRANSPORTЗагрязнение моторных масел при зимней эксплуатации автомобилейContamination of engine oils during winter vehicle operationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7243-1841КорнеевС. В.KorneevS. V.

Корнеев Сергей Васильевич – д-р техн. наук, проф. кафедры «Тепловые двигатели и автотракторное электрооборудование», проф. кафедры «Химия и химическая технология»

г. Омск

Sergey V. Korneev – Doctor of Sci., Professor, Heat Engines and Motor and Tractor Equipment Department, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Department

Omsk

svkorneev51@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8111-4725ПашукевичС. В.PashukevichS. V.

Пашукевич София Вячеславовна – аспирант группы Ма – 202 кафедры «Химия и химическая технология»

г. Омск

Sophia V. Pashukevich – Postgraduate student, Chemistry and Chemical Technology Department

Omsk

sofia96@bk.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6219-0506БакулинаВ. Д.BakulinaV. D.

Бакулина Вера Дмитриевна – ассистент, инженер кафедры «Химия и химическая технология»

г. Омск

Vera D. Bakulina – Assistant, Engineer of the Chemistry and Chemical Technology Department

Omsk

ver-bakulina81@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-7604ПевневН. Г.PevnevN. G.

Певнев Николай Гаврилович – д-р техн. наук, проф. кафедры «Автомобильный транспорт»

г. Омск

Nikolay G. Pevnev Gavrilovich – Doctor of Sci., Professor, Department Automobile transport

Omsk

pevnev_ng@sibadi.orgСибирский государственный автомобильно-дорожный университет (СибАДИ); Омский государственный технический университет (ОмГТУ)РоссияSiberian State Automobile and Highway University (SibADI); Omsk State Technical UniversityRussian FederationОмский государственный технический университет (ОмГТУ)РоссияOmsk State Technical UniversityRussian FederationСибирский государственный автомобильно-дорожный университет (СибАДИ)РоссияSiberian State Automobile and Highway University (SibADI)Russian Federation202211112022195680691Copyright © Корнеев С.В., Пашукевич С.В., Бакулина В.Д., Певнев Н.Г., 20222022Корнеев С.В., Пашукевич С.В., Бакулина В.Д., Певнев Н.Г.Korneev S.V., Pashukevich S.V., Bakulina V.D., Pevnev N.G.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.sibadi.org/jour/article/view/1536

Введение. Надежность и срок службы двигателя во многом зависят от качества моторного масла. Без масла с надлежащим уровнем работоспособности двигатель внутреннего сгорания может страдать от износа, который во многих случаях приводит к отказу двигателя. Одним из факторов потери уровня качества моторного масла является его загрязнение. К примеру, кинематическая вязкость будет постепенно увеличиваться по мере того, как масло в двигателе начнет загрязняться сажей, грязью и шламом; или же оно может быть окислено. Если вязкость моторного масла слишком высока, двигатель должен совершать дополнительную работу для преодоления повышенного вязкостного сопротивления. Разбавление топливом и водой является одним из наиболее частых загрязнений в дизельных двигателях. Материалы и методы. В работе приведены результаты исследования совокупного влияния воды и дизельного топлива на синтетическое моторное масло при различных их концентрациях. Оценка влияния загрязнений на изменение характеристик работоспособности смазочного материала, таких как кинематическая вязкость при 40о С (измерение проводилось на автоматическом вискозиметре Штабингера SVM 3000), щелочное и кислотное число (значения получены с помощью автоматического титратора Titroline Alpha 20 Plus), а также измерение концентрации элементов-индикаторов моторного масла на оптико-эмиссионном спектрометре с индуктивно-связанной плазмой серии iCAP 7000.Выводы. Наличие в моторном масле загрязнений приводит к росту кинематической вязкости, при эксплуатации моторного масла значение его щелочного числа становится меньше, а значение кислотного, наоборот, прирастает. Заменять моторные масла необходимо при снижении щелочного числа на 50% или по балансу щелочного и кислотного чисел.Рамки исследования/возможность. Такого вида моделирование эксплуатационных воздействий низких температур позволяет понять, какова динамика ухудшения состояния масла и оценить изменение его работоспособности в процессе использования.Оригинальность/ценность. Проведенное исследование может являться основой для разработки рекомендаций по совершенствованию технического обслуживания двигателей внутреннего сгорания для предприятий, имеющих в своем распоряжении автомобили с дизельными двигателями с целью увеличения ресурса силовых агрегатов и сокращения эксплуатационных затрат.

Introduction. The reliability and service life of an engine is largely dependent on the quality of the engine oil. Without oil at the proper level of performance, an internal combustion engine can suffer from wear and tear, which in many cases can lead to engine failure. One of the factors in the loss of the quality level of engine oil is its contamination. For example, kinematic viscosity will gradually increase as the engine oil becomes contaminated with soot, dirt and sludge; or it may be oxidized. If the viscosity of the engine oil is too high, the engine must do extra work to overcome the increased viscosity resistance.Fuel and water dilution is one of the most common contaminants in diesel engines.Materials and Methods. The paper presents the results of a study of the combined effect of water and diesel fuel on synthetic engine oil at their various concentrations. The influence evaluation of contaminants on changes in the performance characteristics of the lubricant, such as: kinematic viscosity at 40° C (measurement was carried out on an automatic Stabinger SVM 3000 viscometer), base and acid numbers (values obtained using an automatic Titroline Alpha 20 Plus titrator), as well as concentration measurement elements - indicators of engine oil on an optical emission spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma of the iCAP 7000 series.Conclusions. The presence of contaminants in the engine oil leads to an increase in kinematic viscosity, during the operation of the engine oil, the value of its base number becomes less, and the value of the acid, on the contrary, increases. It is necessary to replace engine oils when the base number decreases by 50% or according to the balance of base and acid numbers.Scope of Study/Opportunity. This type of low temperature performance modelling provides insight into how the oil deteriorates and evaluates the change in oil performance during use.Originality/value. The study can be the basis for developing recommendations for improving the maintenance of internal combustion engines for enterprises that have cars with diesel engines at their disposal in order to increase the resource of power units and reduce operating costs.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.