sibadiНаучный рецензируемый журнал "Вестник СибАДИ"The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal2071-72962658-5626The Siberian State Automobile and Highway University10.26518/2071-7296-2022-19-1-114-130sibadi-1405Research ArticleСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО И АРХИТЕКТУРАCONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTUREСравнительный анализ методов вычисления штамповых модулей деформации грунтовСomparative analysis of methods for calculating stamp modules of soil deformationhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-0553ПролыгинА. С.ProlyginA. S.

Пролыгин Александр Сергеевич – аспирант кафедры «Строительство и эксплуатация дорог»

г. Омск

Aleksandr S. Prolygin – Postgraduate student, the Roads Construction and Operation Department

Omsk

aleksandrprolygin@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-2022КалининА. Л.KalininA. L.

Калинин Александр Львович – ст. препод. кафедры «Строительство и эксплуатация дорог»

г. Омск

Alexandr L. Kalinin – Senior Teacher of the Roads Construction and Operation Department

Omsk

1exsandr55ne@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2009-5361АлександровА. С.AleksandrovA. S.

Александров Анатолий Сергеевич – канд. техн. наук, доц. кафедры «Строительство и эксплуатация дорог»

г. Омск

Anatoliy S. Aleksandrov – Cand. of Sci., Associate Professor of the Roads Construction and Operation Department

Omsk

aleksandrov00@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5534-6338АлександроваН. П.AleksandrovaN. P.

Александрова Наталья Павловна – канд. техн. наук, доц. кафедры «Строительство и эксплуатация дорог»

г. Омск

Natalia P. Alexandrova – Cand. of Sci., Associate Professor the Roads Construction and Operation Department

Omsk

nata26.74@mail.ruСибирский государственный автомобильно-дорожный университет (СибАДИ)РоссияSiberian State Automobile and Highway University (SibADI)Russian Federation202218032022191114130Copyright © Пролыгин А.С., Калинин А.Л., Александров А.С., Александрова Н.П., 20222022Пролыгин А.С., Калинин А.Л., Александров А.С., Александрова Н.П.Prolygin A.S., Kalinin A.L., Aleksandrov A.S., Aleksandrova N.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.sibadi.org/jour/article/view/1405

Введение. Целью статьи является сравнительный анализ методов вычисления штамповых модулей деформации грунтов, регламентируемых различными стандартами РФ.Материалы и методы. Экспериментальное определение модулей деформации грунта земляного полотна выполнено при помощи штамповых испытаний, которые произведены в грунтовом лотке путем нагрузки и разгрузки грунтового основания, уплотненного до требуемого коэффициента уплотнения 0,98. Нагрузка прикладывалась ступенями, а осадка штампа измерялась по завершению стабилизации деформации от каждой ступени. Критерием стабилизации деформации являлось снижение скорости деформации до 0,02 мм/мин и время приложения нагрузки, которое должно составлять не менее 120 с. После измерения упругопластических осадок грунта выполнена разгрузка модели. Разгрузка тоже произведена ступенями. В результате построены зависимости упругопластической и упругой осадки грунтовой модели земляного полотна от давления в виде петель гистерезиса.Результаты. Расчеты значений модуля деформации грунта выполнены по различным методикам, регламентируемым стандартами Российской Федерации. Результаты расчета сгруппированы в выборки данных, которые обработаны методами математической статистики. При обработке данных каждая выборка проверена на наличие грубых ошибок. Выборки данных проверены на принадлежность одной генеральной совокупности. Для проверки принадлежности трех выборок к одной генеральной совокупности применен критерий Kruskal W.H. и Wallis W.A. На основании этого сравнения получены данные о значимости различий в выборках.Обсуждение и заключение. Для определения модуля деформации грунта земляного полотна рекомендован способ вычисления модуля деформации по методике, предполагающей нелинейную зависимость деформаций от давлений, описываемую полиномом второй степени.

Introduction. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of methods for calculating stamp modules of soil deformation regulated by various standards of the Russian Federation.Materials and methods. The experimental determination of the deformation modules for the soil of the roadbed was performed using stamp tests. The tests were carried out in a soil tray by loading and unloading a soil base compacted to the required compaction coefficient of 0.98. The load was applied by steps, and the stamp draft was measured after completion of deformation stabilization from each step. The criterion for stabilizing the deformation was a decrease in the speed to 0.02 mm / min and the time of application of the load, which should be at least 120 s. After measuring the elasto-plastic draft of the soil, the model was unloaded. Unloading is also carried out by steps. As a result, the dependences of the elasto-plastic and elastic draft of the soil model of the roadbed from the pressure in the form of hysteresis loops are constructed.Results. The calculations of the soil deformation modulus were performed according to the various methods regulated by the standards of the Russian Federation. The calculation results are grouped into data samples that are processed by mathematical statistics methods. When processing data, each sample is checked for the presence of gross errors. The data samples are checked for belonging to one general population. To check whether three samples belong to one general population, the Kruskal W. H. and Wallis W. A. criterion was applied. Based on this comparison, we made judgments about the significance of differences in the samples.Discussion and conclusions. To determine the deformation modulus of soil and road pavements made of granular materials, a method for calculating the modulus of deformation using a method that assumes a nonlinear dependence of deformations on pressures, described by a second-degree polynomial is recommended.

земляное полотногрунтмодуль деформацииroadbedsoildeformation modulusReferencesЛунёв А. А., Сиротюк В. В., Барац Н. И. Экспериментальные исследования прочностных характеристик золошлаковой смеси // Вестник СибАДИ. 2016. № 6 (52). С. 72–79.Lunyov A.A., Sirotyuk V.V., Barac N.I. Eksperimental’nye issledovaniya prochnostnyh harakteristik zoloshlakovoj smesi // The The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2016, 52(6): 72-79.Лунёв А. А., Иванов Е. В. Результаты исследований деформационных характеристик золошлаковых смесей // Вестник СибАДИ. 2017.№ 1 (53). С. 103–110.Lunyov A.A., Sirotyuk V.V., Ivanov E.V. Rezul’taty issledovanij deformacionnyh harakteristik zoloshlakovyh smesej // The The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2017, 53(1): 103-110.Лунёв А. А., Сиротюк В. В. Сопоставление деформационных параметров золошлаковой смеси, полученных в лабораторных и натурных условиях // Вестник Томского государственного архитектурно-строительного университета. 2019. № 2(21). С. 215–227.Lunyov A.A., Sirotyuk V.V. Sopostavlenie deformacionnyh parametrov zoloshlakovoj smesi, poluchennyh v laboratornyh i naturnyh usloviyah // Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvenno-go arhitekturno-stroitel’nogo universiteta, 2019, 21(2): 215-227.Лыткин А. А., Старков Г. Б., Вагнер Е. Я. Исследование эффективности использования белитового шлама для устройства монолитных слоев дорожных одежд методом холодного ресайклинга // Вестник СибАДИ. 2020. № 6, Т.17. С. 764–776.Lytkin A.A., Starkov G.B., Vagner E.YA. Issledovanie effektivnosti ispol’zovaniya belitovogo shlama dlya ustrojstva monolitnyh sloev dorozhnyh odezhd metodom holodnogo resajklinga // The The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2020, 17(6): 764-776.Лыткин А. А. Влияние повторного уплотнения и транспортных нагрузок на характер твердения белитового шлама в слоях дорожных одежд // Вестник СибАДИ. 2017. № 3(55). С. 125–132.Lytkin A.A. Vliyanie povtornogo uplotneniya i transportnyh nagruzok na harakter tverdeniya belitovogo shlama v sloyah dorozhnyh odezhd // The The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2017, 55(3): 125-132.Lytkin, A.A.: Study of the Transport Loads Influence on the Nature of Belite Sludge Hardening in Pavement. Materials Science Forum 992, 79–85 (2020).Lytkin, A.A.: Study of the Transport Loads Influence on the Nature of Belite Sludge Hardening in Pavement. Materials Science Forum 992, 79–85 (2020).Пролыгин А. С., Долгих Г. В., Калинин А. Л., Александрова Н. П. Влияние влажности грунта на деформационные свойства грунтощебеночных образцов при сжатии // Вестник СибАДИ. 2021. № 18(5). С. 614–632. https://doi.org/10.26518/20717296-2021-18-5-614-632.Prolygin A.S., Dolgikh G.V., Kalinin A.L., Alexandrova N.P. Influence of soil moisture on the deformation properties of soil-crushed stone samples during compression. The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2021;18(5):614-632. https://doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-5-614-632 (In Russ.)Пролыгин А. С., Александров А. С., Долгих Г. В., Чусов В. В. Влияние содержания щебня на модуль деформации грунтощебеночного слоя // Вестник СибАДИ. 2021. № 18(6). С.772–789. https://doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-6-772-789Prolygin A.S., Aleksandrov A.S., Dolgih G.V., Chusov V.V. Influence of the crushed stone content on the deformation modulus of the soil-crushed stone layer. The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2021;18(6):772-789. https://doi.org/10.26518/2071-7296-2021-18-6-772-789 (In Russ.)Матвеев С. А., Немировский Ю. В. Свойства упругого слоя основания, армированного объёмной георешеткой // Наука и техника в дорожной отрасли. 2005. № 2(33). С. 24–28.Matveev S.A., Nemirovskij YU.V. Svojstva uprugogo sloya osnovaniya, armirovannogo ob”yomnoj georeshetkoj // Nauka i tekhnika v dorozhnoj otrasli, 2005, 33(2): 24-28.Матвеев С. А., Литвинов Н. Н. Определение деформационных характеристик щебеночно-песчаного основания, армированного стальной геосеткой // Вестник СибАДИ. 2013. № 4(32). С. 57–61.Matveev S.A., Litvinov N.N. Opredelenie deformacionnyh harakteristik shchebenochnopeschanogo osnovaniya, armirovannogo stal’noj geosetkoj // Vestnik SibADI, 2013, 32(4): 57-61.Матвеев С. А., Мартынов Е. А., Литвинов Н. Н. Экспериментально-теоретические исследования армированного основания дорожной одежды // Вестник СибАДИ. 2015. № 44(4). С. 80–86.Matveev S.A., Martynov E.A., Litvinov N.N. Eksperimental’no-teoreticheskie issledovaniya armirovannogo osnovaniya dorozhnoj odezhdy // The The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal. 2015, 44(4): 80-86.Matveev, S.A., et al: The geogrid-reinforced gravel base pavement model. Magazine of Civil Engineering 94(2), 21–30 (2020).Matveev, S.A., et al: The geogrid-reinforced gravel base pavement model. Magazine of Civil Engineering 2020, 94(2), 21–30.Matveev, S.A., Martynov, E.A., Litvinov, N.N.: Determine the reinforcement effect of gravel layer on a sandy foundation. Applied Mechanics and Materials 662,164-167 (2014).Matveev, S.A., Martynov, E.A., Litvinov, N.N.: Determine the reinforcement effect of gravel layer on a sandy foundation. Applied Mechanics and Materials 2014, 662: 164-167.Matveev, S.A., Martynov, E.A., Litvinov, N.N.: Effect of Reinforcing the Base of Pavement with Steel Geogrid Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589, 1137-1140 (2014).Matveev, S.A., Martynov, E.A., Litvinov, N.N.: Effect of Reinforcing the Base of Pavement with Steel Geogrid Applied Mechanics and Materials 2014, 587589, 1137-1140.Chusov, V.V., Aleksandrova, N.P., Ignatov, V.F.: Calculation of road clothes by elastic deflection criteria taking into account damage to asphalt concrete. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 687(2), 1-7 (2019).Chusov, V.V., Aleksandrova, N.P., Ignatov, V.F.: Calculation of road clothes by elastic deflection criteria taking into account damage to asphalt concrete. In: IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 687(2), 1-7 (2019).Hirakawa, D., et al.: Relationship between sand ground stiffness values from FWD and from plate loading tests. Japanese Geotechnical Journal 3(4), 307-320 (2008) (in Japanese).Hirakawa, D., et al.: Relationship between sand ground stiffness values from FWD and from plate loading tests. Japanese Geotechnical Journal 3(4), 307-320 (2008) (in Japanese).Kongkitkul, W., et al.: Evaluation of static-equivalent stiffness by a simple falling weight deflectometer. ATRANS Research 2(1), 1-14 (2010).Kongkitkul, W., et al.: Evaluation of staticequivalent stiffness by a simple falling weight deflectometer. ATRANS Research 2(1), 1-14 (2010).Aleksandrov, A.S., Semenova, T.V., Aleksandrova, N.P.: Calculation of Residual Deformations of Granulated Materials from Exposure to Repeated Loads. Materials Science Forum 992, 828–835 (2020).Aleksandrov, A.S., Semenova, T.V., Aleksandrova, N.P.: Calculation of Residual Deformations of Granulated Materials from Exposure to Repeated Loads. Materials Science Forum 992, 828–835 (2020).Churilin, V., Efimenko, S., Matvienko, O., et al.: Simulation of stresses in asphalt-concrete pavement with frost heaving. In: MATEC Web of Conferences 216, 1–9 (2018).Churilin, V., Efimenko, S., Matvienko, O., et al.: Simulation of stresses in asphalt-concrete pavement with frost heaving. In: MATEC Web of Conferences 216, 1–9 (2018).Chen, Y., Chen, X., Bu, J.: Nonlinear damage accumulation of concrete subjected to variable amplitude fatigue loading. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 66(2), 157-163 (2018).Chen, Y., Chen, X., Bu, J.: Nonlinear damage accumulation of concrete subjected to variable amplitude fatigue loading. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences 66(2), 157-163 (2018).Xu, X., New Damage Evolution Law for Steel-Asphalt Concrete Composite Pavement Considering Wheel Load and Temperature Variation. Materials 12, 3723 (2019).Xu, X., New Damage Evolution Law for SteelAsphalt Concrete Composite Pavement Considering Wheel Load and Temperature Variation. Materials 12, 3723 (2019).Aleksandrov, A., et al.: Ways of application of the provisions of mechanics of bodies with cracks to the calculation of asphalt concrete on strength and plasticity. In: MATEC Web of Conferences 239, 1–8 (2018).Aleksandrov, A., et al.: Ways of application of the provisions of mechanics of bodies with cracks to the calculation of asphalt concrete on strength and plasticity. In: MATEC Web of Conferences 239, 1–8 (2018).Aleksandrova, N., Chusov, V., Stolbov, Y.: Damage accumulation in asphalt concrete under compression. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 982, 908-918 (2020).Aleksandrova, N., Chusov, V., Stolbov, Y.: Damage accumulation in asphalt concrete under compression. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 982, 908-918 (2020).Rodezno, M.C., Kaloush, K.: Implementation of asphalt-rubber mixes into the mechanistic empirical pavement design guide. Road Materials and Pavement Design 12(2), 423–439 (2011).Rodezno, M.C., Kaloush, K.: Implementation of asphalt-rubber mixes into the mechanistic empirical pavement design guide. Road Materials and Pavement Design 12(2), 423–439 (2011).Li, Q., et al.: Mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG): a bird’s-eye view. Journal of Modern Transportation 19(2), 114–133 (2011).Li, Q., et al.: Mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG): a bird’s-eye view. Journal of Modern Transportation 19(2), 114–133 (2011).Gercog, V.N., Dolgikh, G.V., Kuzin, N.V.: Calculation criteria for road pavement evenness. Part 1. Substantiating the flatness standards of asphalt pavement. Magazine of Civil Engineering 5(57), 45–57 (2015).Gercog, V.N., Dolgikh, G.V., Kuzin, N.V.: Calculation criteria for road pavement evenness. Part 1. Substantiating the flatness standards of asphalt pavement. Magazine of Civil Engineering 5(57), 45–57 (2015).Salour, F., Erlingsson, S. Characterisation of Permanent Deformation of Silty Sand Subgrades from Multistage RLT Tests. In: 3rd International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG 2016), Procedia Engineering 143, 300–307 (2016).Salour, F., Erlingsson, S. Characterisation of Permanent Deformation of Silty Sand Subgrades from Multistage RLT Tests. In: 3rd International Conference on Transportation Geotechnics (ICTG 2016), Procedia Engineering 143, 300–307 (2016).Salour, F., Erlingsson, S.: Permanent deformation characteristics of silty sand subgrades from multistage RLT tests. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 18(3), 236-246 (2017).Salour, F., Erlingsson, S.: Permanent deformation characteristics of silty sand subgrades from multistage RLT tests. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 18(3), 236-246 (2017).Rahman, M.S., Erlingsson, S.: Predicting permanent deformation behaviour of unbound granular materials. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 16(7), 587–601 (2015).Rahman, M.S., Erlingsson, S.: Predicting permanent deformation behaviour of unbound granular materials. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 16(7), 587–601 (2015).Chen, X., Chen, L., Zhang, J.: Permanent Deformation Behavior of Coarse-Grained Residual Subsoil Under Large Amplitude Loading Cycles. In: Tutumluer E., Chen X., Xiao Y. (eds) Advances in Environmental Vibration and Transportation Geodynamics. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 66. Springer, Singapore (2020).Chen, X., Chen, L., Zhang, J.: Permanent Deformation Behavior of Coarse-Grained Residual Subsoil Under Large Amplitude Loading Cycles. In: Tutumluer E., Chen X., Xiao Y. (eds) Advances in Environmental Vibration and Transportation Geodynamics. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, vol 66. Springer, Singapore (2020).Aleksandrov, A., et al.: The application of the principles of the theory of shakedown to the calculation of pavement layers of granular materials in shear. In: MATEC Web of Conferences 239, 1–8 (2018).Aleksandrov, A., et al.: The application of the principles of the theory of shakedown to the calculation of pavement layers of granular materials in shear. In: MATEC Web of Conferences 239, 1–8 (2018).Zheng Su, et al.: Characterization of the Undrained Shear Strength of Expansive Soils of High Water Content. In: MATEC Web of Conferences 206, 1–5 (2018).Zheng Su, et al.: Characterization of the Undrained Shear Strength of Expansive Soils of High Water Content. In: MATEC Web of Conferences 206, 1–5 (2018).Madjadoumbaye, J., Camela, W.R.: Reinforcement of Flexible Pavements by the Use of Geogrid: Case of the Road Mbalmayo - Ebolowa. Civil Engineering Research Journal 8(5), 134-138 (2019).Madjadoumbaye, J., Camela, W.R.: Reinforcement of Flexible Pavements by the Use of Geogrid: Case of the Road Mbalmayo - Ebolowa. Civil Engineering Research Journal 8(5), 134-138 (2019).Adams, C.A., Amofa, N.Y., Opoku- Boahen R.: Effect of Geogrid Reinforced Subgrade on Layer Thickness Design of Low Volume Bituminous Sealed Road Pavements. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) 3(7), 59-67(2014).Adams, C.A., Amofa, N.Y., Opoku- Boahen R.: Effect of Geogrid Reinforced Subgrade on Layer Thickness Design of Low Volume Bituminous Sealed Road Pavements. International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) 3(7), 59-67(2014).Murad Al Qurishee.: Application of Geosynthetics in Pavement Design. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) 4(7), 1-7 (2017).Murad Al Qurishee.: Application of Geosynthetics in Pavement Design. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) 4(7), 1-7 (2017).Gyulzadyan, H., Voskanyan, G., TerSimonyan, V.: Exploration Results of Applying Limestone Powder in Crushed-Stone-Sand Mixtures for Road Pavement Layers. Advanced Materials Research 1020, 31–36 (2014).Gyulzadyan, H., Voskanyan, G., TerSimonyan, V.: Exploration Results of Applying Limestone Powder in Crushed-Stone-Sand Mixtures for Road Pavement Layers. Advanced Materials Research 1020, 31–36 (2014).Naeini, S.A, Naderinia, B., Izadi, E.: Unconfined compressive strength of clayey soils stabilized with waterborne polymer KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 16(6), 943–949 (2012).Naeini, S.A, Naderinia, B., Izadi, E.: Unconfined compressive strength of clayey soils stabilized with waterborne polymer KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 16(6), 943–949 (2012).Ismaiel, H.A.H.: Cement Kiln Dust Chemical Stabilization of Expansive Soil Exposed at El-Kawther Quarter, Sohag Region, Egypt. International Journal of Geosciences 4, 1416-1424 (2013).Ismaiel, H.A.H.: Cement Kiln Dust Chemical Stabilization of Expansive Soil Exposed at El-Kawther Quarter, Sohag Region, Egypt. International Journal of Geosciences 4, 1416-1424 (2013).Thomas, A., Tripathi, R.K., Yadu, L.K.: A Laboratory Investigation of Soil Stabilization Using Enzyme and Alkali-Activated Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 43, 5193–5202 (2018).Thomas, A., Tripathi, R.K., Yadu, L.K.: A Laboratory Investigation of Soil Stabilization Using Enzyme and Alkali-Activated Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 43, 5193–5202 (2018).Ilina, O.N., Ilin, I.B.: Road organo-mineral mixtures based on oil sludge. Magazine of Civil Engineering 92(8), 115–126 (2019).Ilina, O.N., Ilin, I.B.: Road organo-mineral mixtures based on oil sludge. Magazine of Civil Engineering 2019, 92(8): 115–126.Dolinsky, Y.A.,, Starkov, G.B.,, Matveev, S.A. Experience in Repairing Highways Using Cold Regeneration Technology in the Altai Republic. In: International science and technology conference FarEastCon-2019, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 753, pp. 1-5. IOP Publishing Ltd (2020).Dolinsky, Y.A.,, Starkov, G.B.,, Matveev, S.A. Experience in Repairing Highways Using Cold Regeneration Technology in the Altai Republic. In: International science and technology conference FarEastCon-2019, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020, 753: 1-5. IOP Publishing Ltd.Satyanarayana Reddy C.N.V., Prasad, A.C.S.V.: Performance Studies on Cement Stabilized Gravelly Soil Exposed to Sulfate Environment. Indian Geotechnical Journal 45(2), 217–224 (2014).Satyanarayana Reddy C.N.V., Prasad, A.C.S.V.: Performance Studies on Cement Stabilized Gravelly Soil Exposed to Sulfate Environment. Indian Geotechnical Journal 2014, 45(2): 217–224.Rudgalskiy, D., et al:: Strength indices of sand reinforced by foamed bitumen. In: International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Facilities and Sustainable Energy Technologies EMMFT 2019, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1614, pp. 1-9. IOP Publishing Ltd (2020).Rudgalskiy, D., et al:: Strength indices of sand reinforced by foamed bitumen. In: International Scientific Conference Energy Management of Municipal Facilities and Sustainable Energy Technologies EMMFT 2019, Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020, 1614: 1-9. IOP Publishing Ltd.Vdovin, E.A., Stroganov, V.F.: Properties of cement-bound mixes depending on technological factors. Magazine of Civil Engineering 93(1), Pp. 147-155 (2020).Vdovin, E.A., Stroganov, V.F.: Properties of cement-bound mixes depending on technological factors. Magazine of Civil Engineering 2020, 93(1): 147–155.Steven, B.D. The development and verification of a pavement response and performance model for unbound granular pavements. PhD thesis, in the University of Canterbury. – 2005. – p. 291.Steven, B.D. The development and verification of a pavement response and performance model for unbound granular pavements. PhD thesis, in the University of Canterbury, 2005. 291 p.Gonzalez, A. An experimental study of the deformational and performance characteristics of foamed bitumen stabilised pavements. PhD thesis, in the University of Canterbury, 2009. 392 p.Gonzalez, A. An experimental study of the deformational and performance characteristics of foamed bitumen stabilised pavements. PhD thesis, in the University of Canterbury, 2009. 392 p.Пролыгин А. С., Долгих Г. В., Александров А. С. Анализ результатов трехосных испытаний связных грунтов Омской области // Вестник гражданских инженеров. 2021. № 6 (89). С. 140–150.Prolygin A. S., Dolgih G. V., Aleksandrov A. S. Analysis of the results of triaxial tests of cohesive soils in the Omsk region. Vestnik grazhdanskikh inzhenerov – Bulletin of Civil Engineers, 2021, 6 (89) :140–150.Kruskal, W.H., Wallis W.A.: Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association 47(260), 583–621 (1952)Kruskal, W.H., Wallis W.A.: Use of ranks in one-criterion variance analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association 1952, 47(260): 583–621.Wilcoxon, F.: Individual Comparisons by Ranking Methods. Biometrics Bulletin 1(6), 80-83 (1945)Wilcoxon, F.: Individual Comparisons by Ranking Methods. Biometrics Bulletin 1945, 1(6) : 80-83.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.