sibadiНаучный рецензируемый журнал "Вестник СибАДИ"The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal2071-72962658-5626The Siberian State Automobile and Highway University10.26518/2071-7296-2022-19-1-84-84-100sibadi-1403Research ArticleТРАНСПОРТTRANSPORTКлассификация загрязнителей моторных масел для дизельных двигателейClassification of contaminants in diesel engine oilshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8111-4725ПашукевичС. В.PashukevichS. V.

Пашукевич София Вячеславовна – аспирант

г. Омск

Sofia V. Pashukevich – Postgraduate student of the Chemistry and Chemical Technology Department

Omsk

sofia96@bk.ruОмский государственный технический университет (ОмГТУ)РоссияOmsk State Technical UniversityRussian Federation20221803202219184100Copyright © Пашукевич С.В., 20222022Пашукевич С.В.Pashukevich S.V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.sibadi.org/jour/article/view/1403

Введение. Ухудшение состояния моторного масла в двигателе внутреннего сгорания (ДВС) напрямую связано с попаданием в картер различного рода загрязнителей. В зависимости от типа загрязнения изменяется вид отложений на поверхностях деталей двигателя. Нельзя не отметить тот факт, что на работоспособность моторного масла чрезвычайно влияет процесс окисления, органические кислоты, возникающие в течение него, способствуют появлению коррозии на деталях ДВС. Также невосполнимый ущерб наносят вода, дизельное топливо, охлаждающая жидкость, частицы сажи, асфальтены и т. д. Материалы и методы. В данной работе представлены результаты широкого литературного обзора, направленного на изучение основных типов загрязнителей моторных масел. Приведены классификации по агрегатному состоянию загрязнителей, а также по возможным путям их проникновения в смазочный материал. Наиболее узко в данной статье рассмотрены жидкостные загрязнители. Для демонстрации негативного влияния попадания в моторное масло загрязнений приведены фотографии деталей двигателя внутреннего сгорания с отложениями, находящимися на поверхностях составных частей ДВС. Результаты. Приведена классификация основных загрязнителей моторных масел, указаны последствия, возникающие вследствие попадания инородных соединений в рассматриваемый смазочный материал.Заключение. Установлено воздействие загрязнителей на детали ДВС и смазочного материала. На основе классификации можно судить о причинах попадания и возможных последствиях воздействия загрязнений на работу двигателя.

Introduction. The deterioration of engine oil in an internal combustion engine (ICE) is directly related to the ingress of various pollutants into the crankcase. Depending on the type of contamination, the type of sediment on engine part surfaces varies. It should be noted that the functioning of the motor oil is extremely affected by the oxidation process, and organic acids produced during the process contribute to corrosion of ICE parts. Water, diesel, cooling fluid, soot particles, asphaltenes, etc. also cause irreparable damage.Materials and methods. This paper presents the results of an extensive literature review aimed at studying the main types of motor oil pollutants. Classifications are given for the aggregate state of pollutants, as well as for possible ways of their penetration into the lubricant. Liquid pollutants are the most narrowly considered in this article. To demonstrate the negative effect of contaminants entering the engine oil, photographs of internal combustion engine parts with sediments on the surfaces of the internal combustion engine components are presented.Results. The classification of the main pollutants of motor oils is given; the consequences arising from the ingress of foreign compounds into the lubricant in question are indicated.Conclusion. The effect of contaminants on the parts of the internal combustion engine and the lubricant has been established. On the basis of the classification, it is possible to judge the causes of entry and the possible consequences of the impact of contamination on the operation of the engine.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.